Printing of banknotes, stamps and other securities (1)

One, banknote printing

Printing was used to print banknotes. It began in the Northern Song Dynasty and played an important role in the social and economic life of the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. The privately issued banknotes of the Song Dynasty; Jiaozi; and the official distribution; Guanzi;,; Huizi; are the earliest banknotes that have appeared and applied in the world. Jinren’s; banknotes;,; vouchers; Yuan Dynasty’s; banknotes; and the Ming Dynasty’s; Da Ming’s popular banknotes; all played an important role in promoting the exchange of goods and developing the economy. However, due to mismanagement and over-issuance, inflation and currency devaluation have been withdrawn from the stage of history. By the Qing Dynasty, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty had been guilty of issuing banknotes to India. For more than two hundred years, only silver money and no banknotes were used, resulting in the inadequacies of printing technology in the field of banknote printing.

After the Opium War broke out, Western powers invaded China. At the same time as the economy plundered, Western banknotes also flowed into China. As a tool to plunder China’s wealth, banknotes played a special role.

As already mentioned, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty took lessons from the disadvantages of the previous generations of the issuance of banknotes. For 200 years, they used only money and no notes. Three years into Xianfeng (1853), the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom’s peasant uprising campaign caused great difficulties for the Qing Dynasty’s finances and economy. In order to raise the cost of military expenditure, the Qing court had to issue an exception to the issue of silver as the unit; the Ministry of official votes; and copper coins as a unit; Daqing treasure banknotes; This is what we call today; the origin of the word banknote;

Since then, China’s political situation has become more volatile and frequent. The Revolution of 1911, the war between the warlords, the Republic of China, and the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression took place in less than half a century. ◆ During various periods in China and everywhere, governments, warlords, powerful private individuals and foreigners printed bank notes. Unprecedented confusion in the management of banknotes in history. The invasion of foreigners broke the Qing government's long-term closed-door policy of locking the country, forcing it to accept Western economic views and science and technology, and thus also promoted the development and progress of printing technology in China, especially for special printed matters such as securities. This should also be affirmed.

(1) Banknote Printing by the Qing Government

In the late Qing dynasty, the Qing dynasty had a difficult economy and the state treasury was empty. In order to raise the cost of military needs, the original intention of not printing bank notes for 200 years had to be changed. The first banknote since the establishment of the Qing dynasty was printed in Xianfeng in 1853 (1853). Ministry official ticket. The official accounts for the issuance of the Ministry of Education are divided into one or two (Graphs 17-9), 32, 52, 12 and 525 in the form of two units of silver. In the middle of the face of the book, there are two kinds of front-end books: Manchu and Han. In the book; There are note scripts under the face of the bill; the Ministry of Customs official votes will be used to exchange official money for money and silver will be quasi-by-definition and bylaws. On the back of the official account of the Ministry of Household Affairs, the bankrolls are signed in succession in the market circulation.

Coloring book 17-9

Color Chart 17-10

In the eight years of Xianfeng (1858), the Qing government issued and issued copper coins as a unit; At that time, the banknotes and official votes were combined; the banknotes; the words banknotes were born.

The Qing Dynasty banknotes printed in Xian Xianfeng for three years are divided into 250, 500, 1,000, 1,500, 2,000, 5,000, 10,000, and 50 thousand ( Color chart 17-10) and hundreds of languages. The amount of money above the banknotes; Daqing banknotes; four large characters; the middle vertical book; the amount of money to collect a thousand words; and there are two words in the Manchu and Han languages ​​at the Wuchu 1000; The Indian seal; Red square seal; Lower note; This note is used to make money and to be paid in accordance with the transaction. Two. ;

Printed in the Qing Dynasty; the Ministry of official votes; and; Qingbao notes; mostly wood or copper plate printing, similar to Song, Yuan and Ming. The face of the ticket is a vertical square with a large size. Although it is a two-color or three-color overprint, the color is monotonous and the printing technology is not complicated. Many folks can imitate. At that time, the government must prevent civil forgery and no technical measures. It had to stamp official seals on the parcels to ensure credibility and enhance reliability. This is an early and simple counterfeit measure in the history of printing money in China. At the same time, the government has also enacted a law to protect the credibility of banknotes. Through the legal provisions punishing and rewarding counterfeiters and exposing reporters, counterfeiters are prevented and sanctioned to ensure the circulation and credibility of banknotes.

The banknotes of the Qing Dynasty were issued by the government; the official accounts of the Ministry of the People's Republic of China; and the Great Qingbao Banknotes; in addition, the official and private bank money lines in the late Qing Dynasty and private money shops were also issuing bank notes. Among them, private money shops have various titles such as money houses, money shops, money shops, and silver numbers, and they are a local financial industry. Its business is mainly the exchange of money and printing money tickets. It plays a role in coordinating with money production and arranging silver and playing a means of payment. The printing money issued by private banks was more simple and crude, and the amount of face value was more often written by hand. The lack of necessary anti-counterfeiting measures made the currency system more chaotic at the time.

In the 21st year of the Qing Emperor Guangxu (1895), Japan invaded and occupied Taiwan Province. Liu Yongfu, the Chinese general in Taiwan, led the Taiwanese people to rise up and resist.

During this period, the General Bureau of Money and Money Administration was established in Tainan, and the Tainan official silver ticket (Graph 17-11) was issued. Its value was equal to that of Taiwan’s silver currency at that time. It was mainly used to organize soldiers and soldiers and to support the resistance of Japanese invaders.

Color Chart 17-11

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