What is the standard range of alanine aminotransferase?

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Normal reference value: 5-35 U/L

Blood biochemical examination: liver function test, specifically alanine aminotransferase (ALT)

Alanine aminotransferase is primarily found inside cells, with the highest concentration in liver cells, followed by heart muscle cells. Only a small amount of this enzyme is normally present in the bloodstream. When there is damage to the liver or heart, or when cell membranes become more permeable due to necrosis, ALT is released into the blood, causing its levels to rise. Therefore, measuring serum ALT levels is an important tool for diagnosing, differentiating between conditions, and assessing the prognosis of various diseases.

An elevated ALT level is a strong indicator of liver damage or cell death. It reflects the extent of injury to hepatocytes and can help determine the severity of liver disease.

In hepatobiliary diseases, ALT is one of the most sensitive markers for liver damage. In acute viral hepatitis, ALT levels typically increase significantly. In chronic hepatitis, ALT elevation is usually not more than three times the normal range, and may even return to normal. However, in chronic active hepatitis, ALT levels can be elevated more than three to five times the reference value. In cases of active progressive cirrhosis, ALT may be slightly elevated, but during the compensatory phase, it may remain within the normal range or show only a mild increase. In patients with primary liver cancer, ALT levels may be normal or mildly elevated. Additionally, in biliary tract diseases like cholelithiasis, where there is no direct liver cell damage, ALT may still show a slight increase due to bile duct obstruction.

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