Analysis of functional packaging materials in packaging engineering

Packaging materials occupy a very important position in the material industry. The packaging industry value of developed countries already accounts for more than 2% of gross domestic product (GDP). At present, China also consumes a lot of product packaging every year. In recent years, with the improvement of people ’s living standards, especially people ’s protection of the environment, more and more attention has been paid to it. Therefore, there are higher requirements for packaging, and the demand for green packaging has become higher. The rapid development of materials science in the direction of packaging materials, as the basic industry of the packaging industry, has also driven the packaging industry to take off.

According to traditional material classification methods, packaging materials can be divided into: paper materials, synthetic polymer materials, metal materials, glass and ceramic materials, composite materials, fiber materials, wood, and other materials. However, with the development of material science, especially the continuous emergence of new materials, functional materials have appeared in the packaging industry. According to the concept of functional packaging materials, functional packaging materials include: edible packaging materials, degradable packaging materials For fresh-keeping packaging materials, choose absorbent packaging materials, barrier packaging materials, heat-resistant packaging materials, sterile and antibacterial packaging materials, conductive packaging materials and nano-sized packaging materials.

Edible packaging materials

With the continuous development and utilization of high technology in the field of food packaging, a variety of edible packaging materials have come out one after another. These edible packaging materials generally use the human body to absorb digested natural edible substances such as protein, starch, polysaccharide plant fiber and other natural The substance is the basic raw material, and through the interaction between different molecules, a packaging film with a porous network structure that does not affect the flavor of the food is made. The edible film is rich in raw materials and can be used. It is harmless to the human body, has certain strength, and other characteristics. As a functional material in the packaging industry, it has developed rapidly in recent years. It is widely used in food and pharmaceutical packaging.

As a packaging film, edible packaging film has the following characteristics: water resistance, can delay the migration of water and oil and other ingredients in the food core; optional breathability and anti-permeability, prevent the evaporation of flavor substances in food ; Has good physical and mechanical properties, has good surface mechanical strength, and is easy to process; It can be used as a carrier for additives such as food color, aroma, taste, nutrient strengthening and antioxidant substances; it can be eaten without pollution to the environment ... and other excellent features.

At present, from the perspective of raw materials, edible packaging and packaging materials are mainly protein, starch, chitin and other natural raw materials.

Use protein to make edible packaging material, which is divided into animal protein and vegetable protein. Animal protein is derived from animal skin, bone, cartilage tissue, etc. This type of material has good strength properties, water resistance and oxygen permeability, and is suitable for packaging meat products. For example, an edible packaging film made from an animal protein gum material has high strength, water resistance, and water vapor barrier properties. The thawing cooking will automatically melt and can be used. It is used for packaging oil foods without changing the food. Flavor.

The edible packaging film made of vegetable protein has good moisture resistance and has certain antioxidant properties. It is suitable for the packaging of fatty foods, which can maintain moisture and ensure the original taste of the food. At present, it is mainly soybean protein edible packaging film, protein, fatty acid, starch edible packaging film, water-resistant protein film, zein protein edible packaging film, protein coated packaging paper, etc. In addition, there are some alternative edible packaging films, such as milk protein, casein, etc.

Using soybean-derived protein to make plastic-like substances as edible packaging materials, to replace plastics that were synthesized from petroleum in the past. This production technique is to soak the soybeans, the ink then separates the protein, and the protein is easily dried to remove the water, and then mixed with protein powder and other ingredients and additives to make an edible packaging film or coating for Packaged food has excellent strength, elasticity and moisture resistance.

Corn protein packaging film is mainly used for the packaging of fast food box food. The film is a synthetic material of paper and corn protein. It does not change its properties when it is boiled in a pot. A newly developed protein edible film with antibacterial function is to add lysozyme or vitamins and other components of lysozyme or vitamins to the single film of zein or soy protein, which can control the growth of pathogenic bacteria in food and the deterioration of food caused by microorganisms.

Among the edible packaging materials that use corn, wheat, potatoes, dule, potato and other crops as the substrate, the edible packaging film modified by corn starch is the most typical. According to different additives, acid-alkali treatment, enzyme treatment or oxidation treatment, starchy food edible packaging materials can be divided into edible packaging paper and corn starch with okara as raw materials, sodium alginate or glycan meets the packaging film Wait. Using starch as raw material, adding some other edible substances into packaging paper, used for packaging fast food noodles, seasonings, etc., can be directly put in the pot for cooking, without removing the packaging bag, get the dual effect of environmental protection and saving .

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