Seven characteristics of automotive electronics

According to the Taiwan Institute of Industrial Technology and Research, influenced by factors such as the oil crisis and global warming, the issues of energy conservation and environmental protection have attracted global attention, and in response to the slowing economic growth, the proportion of global car ownership growth has gradually declined and the advent of an aging society 1. In response to the problems of the elderly population and the disadvantaged people, the demand for subjective and objective factors such as stimulating the development of the automobile industry will jointly affect the development of the automobile industry.

As the 3C electronics industry has entered a mature period, product demand has decreased, leading to lower gross profit margins. Electronics industry players have fallen into price-cutting competitions. Manufacturers are looking for business opportunities for sustainable operation. The global automotive market demand has become diversified and customized. Traditional mechanical methods can no longer satisfy people's desire to own a car with safety, environmental protection and comfort performance. In recent years, the technology has gradually matured, and automotive electronic products supporting electronic control technology are showing their heads, mainly with various sensors. , Microcomputer controllers, audio-visual entertainment machines, satellite navigation machines, wireless communication and other product application and service methods, providing vehicles and personnel with energy saving and carbon reduction, low noise pollution, comfort, active and driving safety, security, emergency rescue and road guidance, etc. Function, make the car control more humanized, smarter and meet the needs of intelligence.

Automotive electronics can be divided into two meanings. One is the automotive electronic control device. The electronic control device combines the functions of the on-board mechanical system. It belongs to the integrated application of electromechanical systems, including engine power and sensor system control (such as image, acceleration, pressure Or temperature, etc.), electromechanical system control (such as electronic fuel injection system, anti-brake deadlock system, vehicle anti-skid control, electronically controlled suspension, electronically controlled automatic transmission, etc.); the other is an electronic device that can be used independently, and the car There is no direct relationship between its own performance, safety or control, such as satellite navigation systems, audio and video entertainment services and other vehicle-mounted devices.

There are many types of automotive electronic products, and the broad automotive electronics industry covers engine / transmission systems (such as electronic ignition systems, automatic transmissions, etc.), suspension / chassis systems (including power steering wheels, chassis control, vehicle anti-skid control, etc.), body systems ( Including 6 systems including car lights, air conditioning, sunroof, etc., vehicle information and communication, driving safety systems (such as airbags, anti-collision radar, etc.) and anti-theft security systems, including power electronic components that support 6 systems.

Characteristics of automotive electronic products (1)

(1) Strict product application environment

Compared with ordinary electronic products or even aircraft, automotive electronics has a very strict application environment, and has high requirements for adaptability to temperature and climate. Different car manufacturers have different requirements for automotive electronic products. The complexity of automotive functional requirements has increased, and a relatively high proportion of automotive electronics products belong to sensors. Automotive products are global products that need to pass strict mechanical performance or physical verification, including sand, humidity, salt, fuel additives, vibration and severe impact. Generally, the sensor must be able to withstand a temperature range of -40 ° C to 120 ° C, and a considerable degree of accuracy must be maintained.

(2) Careful division and modularization of products

Automotive electronic products are developing towards systematization and manufacturing modularization. For example, current all-inone automotive lights, near / far lights / small lights / parking lights are all presented in a modular manner, which is not only beautiful, but also module manufacturing and maintenance Provides considerable cost economy and convenience. The LED lamps that are popular nowadays have the characteristics of beautiful and bright, energy saving and durability. The LED lamp products are carefully and highly related to the semiconductor, electronic components, power control and other industrial divisions. .

(3) A small variety of products

Since the development of automobiles for more than 100 years, automotive components are characterized by a small number of samples and standardized features. However, with the development and integration of communications, electronics, optoelectronics and other technologies, the proportion of automotive electronic components and products used in automobiles is increasing. Common standards and customized characteristics. Automobile factories distinguish the degree of price differentiation. The principle of diversification and small amount of automotive electronic products is high. The cost of automotive electronic products is high and the compatibility is low. Most of the initial products are applied to specific high-end vehicles to reduce products. Production cost will be a key factor in whether it can be introduced into the market in large quantities.

Characteristics of automotive electronic products (2)

(4) Time-consuming product verification

Automobile products are very different from general 3C products due to the close relationship between automobile and human life safety. The operating temperature range, power consumption, size and anti-electromagnetic interference noise ability of automotive electronic products are all required by each automobile factory. Special specifications must meet the strict standards of the car manufacturer, which is also a basic requirement for automotive electronic products.

Automotive electronic components or products usually require years of R & D, testing and verification. Automotive electronic products have been extended from the past single-component products to systemized products, combining mechanical, optical, system and electronic control, etc., with a wide range of related technologies and scopes. The development process must be coordinated with the mechanical system or control parameters of the car. The attributes of automotive electronic products are special. They must have excellent shock resistance, weather resistance, and reliability. Most automotive electronic products are closely related to driving control safety, and the development cost is high. The length of time to verify with the product. Automotive electronic products need to be continuously tested on the car, tens of thousands of kilometers or even a long time real car test, in order to find problems in the continuous test process, once encountered problems in the test process, need to be properly troubleshooting, repeated functional test verification And time-consuming is the biggest feature of automotive electronic products.

(5) High barriers to entry

At present, the development of the automotive electronics industry is mostly dominated by world-class manufacturers, with the United States, Japan and Germany as the main technology leaders, such as automotive electronics system manufacturers Visteon, NipponSeiki, Delphi, RobertBosch, SiemensVDO, Denso, and even automotive semiconductor manufacturers Motorola, Infineon, STM, Renesas, Toshiba, etc. have accumulated considerable R & D experience and experience, and have high barriers to entering automotive electronic products and systems. Taiwanese manufacturers such as Huanlong Electric, Lite-On, Delta, Dunyang, Tongxin , Yili, etc. have examples of application and listing of automotive electronic products.

(6) Special product supply chain

In order to reduce the procurement costs of direct and indirect materials, major car makers have accelerated their procurement. Automotive electronic products are gradually focusing on international procurement and even joint procurement. After the international automotive industry is reintegrated and merged, the global automotive supply chain will inevitably face reorganization and washing. With regard to issues such as license plates, it is foreseeable that international automakers will shift the focus of their procurement to regions with growing demand such as mainland China and Asia-Pacific.

(7) Long product life cycle

Automobiles are durable and cost-effective, and have a long service life. Generally, the development period of 3C consumer electronic products is 3 months, and the product life cycle is only 6 months. The relatively long life cycle of automobile electronic products is long, and the durability is strict. The product life cycle is as long as 10 years.

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