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1. Introduction to Smart Home
The origin of the smart home concept is very early, but there has been no specific construction case. Until 1984, the United Technologies Building System applied the concept of informatization and integration of construction equipment to the US state of Connecticut. The first "smart building" appeared in the CityPlace Building in Hartford, and it also opened the prelude to the world's competition to build smart homes.
After years of accumulated demand, smart homes are currently defined as using computers, networks and integrated wiring technologies to organically combine various subsystems related to home life into a system through a home information management platform. Specifically, it is the first to establish a communication network in a home to provide the necessary channels for family information. Under the control of the home network operating system, through the corresponding hardware and executive agencies, all household appliances and equipment on the home network are realized. Control and monitoring. Secondly, they must form a communication channel with the outside world through a certain network platform to communicate with the world outside the home to meet the needs of remote control, monitoring and information exchange. Eventually meet the needs of people for safety, comfort, convenience and environmental protection.
With the development and changes of social economic structure, family population structure and information technology and the improvement of human requirements for the safety, comfort and efficiency of the home environment, the demand for home intelligence has greatly increased, and more and more families Smart home products are not only required to meet some basic needs, but also require smart home systems to be simple, convenient and safe in terms of function expansion, extension and even service.
2. Introduction and comparison of common smart home technologies
Although the concept of smart home has been around for a long time and the market demand has always existed, the development of smart home has not been widely applied due to the breakthrough of related technologies for a long time. The smart home technologies currently in the market are introduced as follows:
1. Wired
In this way, all the control signals must be connected by wire, and the signal lines on the controller side are scary, but it is also very difficult to troubleshoot problems. The shortcomings of the wired method are very prominent, complicated wiring, heavy workload, high cost, difficult maintenance, and difficult to network. These shortcomings ultimately lead to the wired smart home only staying in the concept and pilot stage, and cannot be promoted on a large scale.
2. Wireless
The wireless system used in the smart home needs to meet several characteristics: low power consumption, stability, and easy expansion and grid connection; as for the transmission speed, it is obviously not the focus of such applications. Several wireless methods currently available for smart homes
Bluetooth: It is a radio technology that supports short-range communication of devices (generally within 10m). It can exchange wireless information between many devices including mobile phones, PDAs, wireless headsets, notebook computers, and related peripherals. However, the communication distance of this technology is too short, and it is also a point-to-point communication method, which is not applicable to the requirements of smart home.
WIFI: In fact, it is another name for IEEE 802.11b. It is an industry term issued by an organization called "Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance" (WECA). The Chinese translation is "wireless compatibility certification". It is a short-range wireless transmission technology that can support radio signals for Internet access within hundreds of meters. Its biggest feature is that it is convenient for people to access the Internet anytime and anywhere. However, the disadvantages for smart home applications are obvious, with high power consumption and strong networking expertise. High power consumption is a very fatal flaw for deploying low-power sensors anytime, anywhere, so although wifi is very popular, it only plays a supplementary role in smart home applications.
315M / 433M / 868M / 915M: These wireless radio frequency technologies are widely used in vehicle monitoring, remote control, telemetry, small wireless networks, industrial data collection systems, wireless tags, identification, non-contact RF and other places, and some manufacturers have introduced them into smart homes System, but because of its weak anti-interference ability, inconvenient networking, and general reliability, the application effect in smart homes is unsatisfactory, and it is generally good, and eventually abandoned by mainstream manufacturers.
Zigbee: The foundation of Zigbee is IEEE 802.15. But IEEE only deals with low-level MAC layer and physical layer protocols, so the Zigbee Alliance expanded IEEE to standardize its network layer protocols and APIs. Zigbee is an emerging short-range, low-rate, low-power wireless network technology, mainly used for short-range wireless connections. It has the characteristics of low complexity, low power consumption, low speed, low cost, ad hoc network, high reliability, and over-the-horizon. It is mainly suitable for application in fields such as automatic control and remote control, and can be embedded in various devices. In short, ZigBee is a cheap, low-power, self-organizing short-range wireless communication technology.
Three. Understanding of smart homes in the context of the Internet of Things
ZigBee's initially anticipated application areas include consumer electronics, energy management, health care, home automation, building automation, and industrial automation. With the rise of the Internet of Things, ZigBee has gained new application opportunities. The most widely used network edge of the Internet of Things is the sensor or control unit. These are the most basic, core and widest unit cells that constitute the Internet of Things, and ZigBee can coordinate and communicate with each other among thousands of tiny sensor drive units. And these units only need very little energy, and relay the data from one network node to another through radio waves, so its communication efficiency is very high. This technology's low power consumption, anti-interference, high reliability, easy networking, easy expansion, easy to use, easy to maintain, and convenient for rapid large-scale deployment and other characteristics conform to the requirements and trends of the development of the Internet of Things. At present, the application of the Internet of Things and ZigBee technology in smart homes, industrial monitoring and health care are highly integrated.
It is worth noting that the rise of the Internet of Things will bring broad market space to ZigBee. Because the purpose of the Internet of Things is to combine various information sensor drive units with the Internet to form a huge network. In this huge network, data transmission is needed between the sensor drive unit and the communication network, compared with other wireless In terms of technology, ZigBee is bound to gain wider application in the field of IoT-type smart home due to its advantages in investment, construction and maintenance.
4. Program selection
As a standard smart home, it needs to cover a variety of applications, but the prerequisite must be that any ordinary consumer can easily install and deploy or even expand the application on its own, without the need for professional installers to visit. A typical smart home system usually requires the following equipment:
Simple diagram
Brief description of related equipment:
Wireless gateway: It is the information collection and control terminal of all wireless sensors and wireless linkage devices. All sensors and detectors transfer the collected information to authorized mobile phones, tablets, computers, and other management devices through the wireless gateway. In addition, control commands are sent by the management device to the linkage device through the wireless gateway.
For example, if the door is opened when there is no one in the house, the door sensor detects that someone has intruded, and then sends an intrusion alarm to the owner's mobile phone through the wireless gateway. The mobile phone receives a vibration ringing prompt when the message is received, and the owner issues a control command after confirming it. Automatically drop the lock and trigger the wireless sound and light alarm to sound the alarm.
Wireless intelligent dimming switch: This switch can directly replace the wall switch panel in the home. Not only can it be used like a normal switch, but more importantly, it has automatically formed a wireless sensor control network with all IoT devices in the home. You can send commands such as switching and dimming to it through the wireless gateway. The significance is that after the owner leaves the house, there is no need to worry about whether all the lights in the house have been forgotten to be turned off. As long as the owner leaves the house, all the lights forgotten to be turned off automatically. Or you do n’t need to check room by room when you are sleeping, all you need to do is press the sleep button installed on the bedside, all lights will automatically turn off, and when you get up at night, the lights will automatically adjust to soft To ensure the quality of sleep.
Wireless temperature and humidity sensor: mainly used to detect indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity. Although most air conditioners have a temperature detection function, due to the volume limitation of the air conditioner, it can only detect the temperature near the air conditioner at the air outlet, which is also an important reason why many consumers feel that the temperature is inaccurate. With the wireless temperature and humidity detector, you can know the exact temperature and humidity indoors. Its practical significance is that when the indoor temperature is too high or too low, the air conditioner can be started in advance to adjust the temperature. For example, when you are on the way home, the wireless temperature and humidity sensor in your home detects that the room temperature is too high and it will start the air conditioner to automatically cool down. When you go home, the home is already a pleasant temperature. In addition, the wireless temperature and humidity sensor is also of special significance for you to go out in the morning. When you stay in an air-conditioned room, you do n’t feel the outdoor temperature. At this time, the temperature and humidity sensor installed outside the wall can play a role. It can tell You now have the real-time temperature outdoors. Based on this accurate temperature, you can decide what to wear without the embarrassment of wearing more or less after going out.
Wireless smart socket: mainly used to control the switch of home appliances, for example, it can automatically start the exhaust fan exhaust, which is an interesting application for the closed garage in the hot summer. Of course, it can also control any home appliance you want to control, as long as the plug of the home appliance is plugged into a wireless smart socket, such as a water dispenser, an electric water heater, and so on.
Wireless infrared transponder: This product is mainly used in home devices that can be controlled by an infrared remote control, such as air conditioners, electric curtains, TVs and so on. Through the wireless infrared transponder, you can remotely control the air conditioner wirelessly, and you can also close curtains without getting up. This is a very meaningful product, it can instantly convert traditional appliances into smart appliances.
Wireless infrared anti-intrusion detector: This product is mainly used to prevent illegal intrusion. For example, when you press the wireless sleep button at the bedside, not only the light is turned off, but also the wireless infrared anti-intrusion detector is automatically turned on. At this time, an alarm signal will be issued once someone invades and can automatically turn on the lights of the intrusion area according to the setting to scare off the intruder. Or when you leave the house, it will automatically set up defense. Once someone breaks in, it will automatically remind your mobile phone through the wireless gateway and accept the alarm processing instructions issued by your mobile phone.
Wireless air quality sensor: This sensor mainly detects whether the air quality in the bedroom is turbid, which is very meaningful for you to go home and rest, especially for families with infants and young children. It tells you whether the current indoor air affects health by detecting the air quality, and can activate related equipment through the wireless gateway to optimize the air quality.
Wireless doorbell: This doorbell is very valuable for large apartments or villas. For safety reasons, most people close the door when they sleep. At this time, someone visits and presses the doorbell. It is difficult to hear the ringtone in the room. This wireless doorbell can send the ringing signal to the bedside switch to remind you that there is an artificial visit. In addition, when there is no one at home, the action of ringing the doorbell will be passed to your mobile phone through the gateway, and this is very important for you to understand the security status of the family and the visit information.
Wireless door magnet and window magnet: mainly used to prevent intrusion. When you are at home, the door and window magnets will automatically be disarmed and will not trigger an alarm. When you leave the house, the door and window magnets will automatically enter the armed state. Once someone opens the door or window, they will notify your mobile phone and issue Alarm information. Compared with traditional door and window magnets, wireless door and window magnets do not require wiring and can work with batteries. The installation is very convenient. The installation process generally does not exceed 2 minutes. In addition, for families with safes, this sensor can also detect and record the time each time the safe is opened or closed and notify the authorized mobile phone in time.
Solar wireless intelligent valve: This is a wireless irrigation system powered by solar energy. The general workflow is that the soil moisture sensor sends the soil water content to the wireless gateway. Once the soil is short of water, the wireless gateway will issue a control command to the wireless intelligent valve to notify the water supply, and at the same time pass the water supply time and water supply amount to the gateway and save it through the gateway On mobile phones or other devices.
Wireless bedside sleep button: This is a battery-powered device that can be fixed or pasted on the bedside board. Its function is to help you turn off all the closed appliances while sleeping and activate the security system to enter the armed state. For example, start the wireless infrared anti-intrusion detector, window magnet, door magnet, etc. to enter the early warning and armed state. In addition, it can also help you activate the night lighting mode. For example, when you wake up at night, the light turned on will be very soft, not as bright as when you eat, even if it is the same light.
Wireless gas leak sensor: This sensor is mainly used to detect gas leaks in the home. It does not require wiring. Once there is a gas leak, it will send an alarm through the gateway and notify the authorized mobile phone.
Wireless radiation sensor, wireless air pollution sensor: For some people who are sensitive to solar radiation, this sensor has special significance, through which you can accurately know whether you need to take measures to prevent solar radiation or prevent pollution and dust before going out, and The only thing you have to do is look at the phone screen, because outdoor radiation, pollution, etc. have been transmitted to your phone through the wireless gateway.
The above is a typical IoT smart home system. Of course, the magic of the IoT is that you can freely combine or DIY according to your own needs. All installations do not require the participation of professionals. An ordinary consumer can The completion of the installation of the entire system generally does not exceed half an hour, which is also an important difference between the Internet of Things smart home products and traditional smart home products.
Internet of Things Smart Home--Xue Hui 025-52260017
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