My name and my entire career are closely linked with mountain climbing. When the people of the region celebrate the 40th anniversary of the peaceful liberation of Tibet, I have a responsibility to make a brief introduction to Tibet’s mountaineering movement to people throughout the country and even the world.
Climbing in our district as a sport began after the peaceful liberation of Tibet.
I was born at a serf house in Nyalam, Xigaze. I joined the army in 1956 and began my revolutionary journey. In 1958, the national mountaineering team selected the mountaineers. I was lucky enough to be selected to participate in the national mountaineering training team and become the first mountaineering athletes in Tibet. In 1960, Tibet officially established a mountaineering team (mountain climbing camp). Since then, Tibetan mountaineering began.
The Tibetan mountaineering team has revealed its head since the day of its birth. This is because Tibet boasts the highest standards of the earth and the mountains are continuous. There are more than 70 peaks above 7,000 meters, peaks above 6000 meters, and the world. There are four peaks above 8,000 meters above sea level, and nine of them are in the ventral zone of the Himalayas in Tibet and on the border line. The majestic natural scenery has created the boldness, tough character and outstanding mountaineering ability of the Tibetan people. As early as long ago, there was a mountaineering activity in Tibet, for example: to the top of the mountain, pray for the blessing of the gods, and humans and animals. The long-distance transportation carried out exchange of salt and grain in agricultural and pastoral areas. For this reason, once the Tibet Mountaineering Team was born, it had a solid mass base and soon became a strong force in the international mountaineering community.
Tibetan climbers participated in the national mountaineering team's move to the high mountains of the motherland and repeatedly created world records, including participating in the Chinese team twice from the northern slope of the world’s highest peak—Mount Qomolangma, and once a Chinese, Japanese, and Nepalese team climbing team. Across the Everest; two women climbers climbed Mount Everest; one was a Chinese, Soviet, and U.S. peace climbing team conquering Mount Everest from the northern slope. In the process of climbing, cooperating with scientific workers has obtained a large amount of scientific investigation data, which has contributed to Tibet’s socialist modernization.
Since 1980, encouraged by the policy of reform and opening up, the Tibetan mountaineering team has not only teamed up with international mountaineering teams to climb some of the world's most famous mountain peaks, but also conquered the peaks of Zhuo Youyou and Ningjin Shasha, and participated in the national climbing team successively. Fourteen peaks were conquered and 19 climbed to the top. There were 130 people reaching the summit. There were 100 people and 160 people who reached an altitude of 8,000 meters or more. Nearly 300 people climbed to a height of 6,000 meters or more. Over 40 people emerged. The famous mountaineering sportsman can be described as a "historical sports team." At the same time, he also trained a coach and three assistant coaches. The veteran is still sweating for the mountaineering career. The teenager will work hard for the mountaineering career.
During the development of the mountaineering career, six comrades from West Wind (female), Labba Ciren, Nyima Zhaxi, Laurent, Chen Hongji, and Ma Gaoshu contributed their precious lives, and there are dozens of Charmkin and other comrades. Comrade disabled.
Today, when we look back on the glorious history of mountaineering, we deeply feel that we have achieved hardship. At the same time, it is also deeply felt that the prospect of Tibetan mountaineering is very broad!
review
Mountaineering is also known as alpine sport in foreign countries. The name comes from the Alps across France, Italy, Switzerland and Austria. The peak of the Mont Blanc, the main peak of the Alps, is 4,810 meters above sea level and is the highest peak in Europe. It is located in the French territory near the Italian and Swiss borders. According to historical records, in 1786, Bakaro, a mountain village doctor under the Alps, partnered with local mountain crystal stone miner Balma and boarded Mont Blanc for the first time. So people used 1786 as the birth of Alpine sports, the mountaineering movement. year. And because both Balma and Bakaro made the first activity of mountaineering, they became the world’s first generation of mountaineers. Since then, the mountaineering movement has developed rapidly. Until July 1875, the British mountaineer Winberg and others boarded the Mount Madonna, which was considered by people at that time as impossible to climb. At this point, alpinism-centered mountaineering It reached its climax and the so-called "golden age" of the Alps. Later, European mountaineers once again turned their attention to the mountainous regions of the Caucasus in Russia, the Americas and Africa, and Australia and New Zealand. With the expansion of the mountaineering team, the improvement of climbing techniques and the improvement of mountaineering equipment, the difficulty and height of climbing have also gradually increased. After nearly half a century of hard work, people have turned their sights to the Himalayas on the top of the earth. In particular, Mount Everest is still waiting to be called out, calling for courageous and strong.
First, conquer Mount Everest
On the north slope of Everest, it was considered by some people as “a place where the birds could not flyâ€. According to legend in mythology, there are five snow-capped mountain goddesses in the highest place of the earth. They are beautiful, smart, and kind, and they are endless. Charm attracts warriors from all over the world. After the Arctic and the South Pole have been conquered, Everest, known as the "Third Pole", still quietly looks forward to people who have come to climb without fear of danger.
In 1919, the British Mountaineering Club announced to the world that Britain will begin its challenge to Mount Everest in 1921. From 1921 to 1938, the British climbed Mount Everest seven times from both north and south. In addition, Germans, Americans, and Italians will also challenge the world's famous mountain peaks, but all are disappointed. However, the huge cost of casualties is the development of the human mountaineering movement in exchange for valuable experience. Finally, 32 years later, in 1953, the mankind first climbed Mount Everest at 8847.13 meters above sea level from the southern slope.
In 1960, Chinese mountaineers climbed Everest from the North Slope under extremely poor conditions. This was an extremely difficult thing at the time. After three adaptive marches, preparations were made for assaulting the crest from all sides. In the third march with the mission of the assault reconnaissance peak, captains Shi Zhanchun and Wang Fengtong broke the height of 8,500 meters from the North Slope for the first time and reached the height of 8,696 meters. After the second step, the middle line of the assault peak was selected and it was called "Death Line" by foreign climbers. In this adaptive climbing march, I also reached an altitude of 8,600 meters. On the morning of May 24th, Xu Jing, vice president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, confirmed at the assault camp that Wang Fuzhou led Liu Lianman and Qu Yinhua and I assaulted the top. When Dengda reached a height of 8,787 meters, Liu Lian lost his ability to move on. He risked the possibility of sacrifice and left oxygen to our three companions who continued to climb.
After a difficult 19-hour climb, we passed the death zone and climbed to the top of the summit at 4:20 a.m. on May 25th to put the five-star red flag on the top of the earth. We stood without applause and no applause. On the prize stage, enjoying the highest honor in life, the Chinese mountaineering team established in 1955 has since entered the world's advanced ranks and has gone through the world's 170-year mountaineering journey. This is the result of the leadership of the Communist Party of China and is the result of the support of the people throughout the country. As the first Tibetan person to climb the Everest from the northern slope, I was hailed as the “Peer of Everestâ€. When I returned to base camp, the 64-year-old father came to see me from his hometown. He excitedly told me that “the hometown has been liberated and democratic reforms have been made!†“The family has won land and cattle and sheep, and those who have sold their deeds, loan sharks, etc. All burned!"....... I seem to be dreaming, like returning from a fairyland, good news one by one.
After the battle to climb Everest was over, the party and the people gave me high honors. The beloved Chairman Mao Zedong and other leaders of the party and country met me kindly. This is the greatest happiness of my life and it's also my greatest happiness for decades. Hard work to work hard.
At the same time, women's mountaineering is also developing rapidly. On July 7, 1959, eight female athletes of the Muzetag Mountain Men's and Women's Mixed Team, Yuan Yang and Pando, created a 7546-meter woman's world record for mountaineering. In 1961 Pando and West Wind successfully landed on the ground. The 7759-meter-high Goering Nine Peak, once again created the world record for women's mountaineering heights.
In the 1970s, women’s mountaineers again advanced to an altitude of 8,000 meters. On May 27, 1975, nine comrades led by Pando, Luo Ze, and Sonam Robau once again climbed the summit of Everest from the northern slope. Comrade Pando was 37 years old and was the mother of three children. However, she had successfully completed the tasks of mountaineering and scientific expeditions with her arduous fighting spirit. She was the pride of Chinese women and was hailed as the “third goddessâ€. "The highest woman in the world."
On March 16th and 24th, 1988, mountaineers from China, Japan, and Nepal unveiled the prelude of crossing Everest on both north and south sides. After 50 days of fighting, they conquered the three major difficulties and the southern slope of the northern slope. The Nanxun natural adventures occurred at 14:23, 15:53, and 16:25 on May 5. The 12 members of the three countries climbed to the top of Mount Everest and ushered in three historic moments. The epoch-making leap in the history of world mountaineering. China's southern captain Ren Qing Ping Pong and members Ciendokichi, Dai Jen-jen, and Li Zhixin were awarded the honorary medal of sports sports and the title of international sports champion by the State Sports Commission.
In the spring of 1990, mountaineers from China, the Soviet Union and the United States, through friendly consultations, formed a united mountaineering team under the banner of peace, equality, friendship, and understanding. Their purpose was to contribute to the world's mountaineering campaign and to commemorate the 20th world. Earth Day, and summoning the world peace with the spirit of equality, cooperation and friendship of the three parties. On May 23, they successfully completed their mission and 28 people climbed to the top. Seven Chinese, eight Soviets, and five Americans fulfilled the first step toward peace. Mr. Shaydayev, the Soviet team, said deep: "If climbers can join the world's highest peak, then other people can do anything together." US captain Whitaker said: "This successful The feats show the whole world the determination of the peoples of the three nations to maintain peace and strengthen cooperation." Chinese captain Lausanne Dawa said: "We will cherish forever the friendship created by the team of three nations. We look forward to more cooperation and look forward to the world." More people create a peaceful environment."
Japanese mountaineers have repeatedly come to Tibet to climb famous mountain peaks such as Mount Everest and have forged profound friendship with Tibetan mountaineers. To this end, the Nagano Prefecture Mountain Association of Japan and the Tibet Mountaineering Association have formed friendship associations.
In April 1990, when the friendship association formed its third anniversary, the joint expedition of the Sino-Japanese Qutang Plateau led by me and the president of the Nagano Prefecture Mountain Association of Japan, Mr. Tamura, conducted a climb in the deserted area in the no man’s land. The peak was successful. This was the first expedition to the no man's land and laid a good foundation for the development of the Qiangtang plateau.
Now we can say this: Mountaineering, not only as a sport, but also as a scientific investigation, appears in the world and is attracting the attention of people all over the world. At the same time, it symbolizes the hope and future of mankind as a symbol of peace between the snow line and the blue sky on the mountainside of Mount Everest.
Second, the mountains at the foot of
The Tibetan climbers and athletes, from 1959 to the present, climbed Nyainqentala, the peak of Muzetta, the Golgol Nine Peak, the Shishabongma Peak, the Tomur Peak in addition to the conquest of Everest. , Nai Pengfeng, Rab and Kang Feng, Zhuo'ao Youfeng, Namunani Peak, Ningjin Shafeng.
Since 1980, with the implementation of the reform and opening-up policy, the peaks of successful climbs by the Tibet Mountaineering Team and the International Mountaineering Team have been: Everest Peak, Zhang Zifeng, Rabok, Kangfeng, and the Tibetan Sediment Peak.
Third, mountaineering athletics and mountaineering science:
Since its establishment, the Tibetan Mountaineering Team has organized technical training for rock climbing several times and has won many awards at home and abroad and in regional and foreign rock climbing competitions.
Since its establishment, the Tibet Mountaineering Team has closely cooperated with scientific workers in conducting a large number of scientific investigations. It has been applied to the distribution, type, area, and development characteristics of glaciers in some mountain peaks. Ancient ice distribution, development history, alpine biology, alpine physiology, and alpine meteorology After conducting inspections, they even provided sufficient evidence for the demarcation of the boundary. In particular, four disciplines such as geological surveying in the range of more than 500 square kilometers centered on Mount Everest were investigated. After careful calculation, the exact height of 8849.13 meters was obtained and the 8882 was corrected. .12 meters error.
China’s research on certain areas of high mountains has approached or reached world advanced levels.
Outlook
Located on the roof of the world, Tibet attracts world climbers and mountaineering tourism groups with its unique natural features, long history, ancient culture, special customs and majestic Buddhist architecture. The world-famous Himalayan holy shrine, Mount Everest and more than 8,000 meters of Cho Oyu, Makalu, Lhotse and Shishabama peaks are places that all the world’s mountaineering adventurers are eager to see; as for those tens of 7,000 meters The peaks above, such as Nanjiabawa, Namunani, Jala White Base, Nyainqentangla, Kuragangri, Cidhema, Rabqukang, and other peaks, are all climbing and mountaineering tourism. The parks for lovers of skiing, gliding, etc., the Brahmaputra, Minjiang, Nujiang and the lakes dotted with plateaus are the ideal places for water sports.
So far, there are 22 peaks in Tibet that have opened up to the outside world: Everest, Shishamar, Moracan, Koperzyn, Xifeng, Gragangri, Zhang Zifeng, Ningjin Shasha, Namunani, Zhuo Aoyou, Kola Gangri, Jiala White Base, Nyainqentala, Qiao Youyi, Gezhongkang, Zala, Menlongza, Puleri, Jiang Sang Ram, Xie Tongxuan, Conger More, Rab and Kang.
The Tibetan Mountaineering Association is preparing for the opening of peaks: Makalu, Lhotse, Zengma and other peaks.
Since opening the mountain peak in our district, we have received more than 400 mountaineering tourism groups, nearly 4,000 people from more than 30 countries and regions, earning more than 25 million yuan, which has made outstanding contributions to Tibet’s economic development. With the rapid development of the world's tourism industry, interesting tourism is increasingly favored by more people. The exotic landscape will be even more temptation to people who love life. I can say with certainty that “Himalaya fever†will continue. . After 2000, there will be more than 2000 visitors every year.
A brief conclusion
Since its independence, the Tibetan mountaineering team has gone through a glorious past for 30 years. “Thirty years have passed and all of a sudden,†and if we want to achieve even greater achievements, we must continue our hard work and strive. Step by step from scratch!"
The Tibetan mountaineering team has won the roof of the world and will surely make greater contributions to the world’s mountaineering career.
Author: Tibet Mountaineering Association Vice-Chairman of Kampot
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