Gear structure found in animals for the first time

Long before humans installed gears on watches and car transmissions, planthoppers have evolved their own gears.

This interlocking gear structure can synchronize the movement of its hind limbs when the planthopper jumps, so as not to spin out of control like the aircraft yaw is out of control.

The inner surface of each hind limb of the planthopper larvae has 10 to 12 teeth lined up in a row to coordinate the activities of the hind limbs.

The high-speed camera found that the two hindlimbs will start to interact with each other within 30 microseconds due to the gear. Without a gear structure, this coordinated action would be difficult because the neural activity that produced the action lasted a long time, about 1 millisecond. Recently, the research team published the report on the "Science" website.

However, it is strange that adult planthoppers do not have such gears, but their jumping movements seem to do better. This may be because their larger bodies make it easier to rely on the friction of the hindlimb surface to maintain synchronization.

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