Yu Bin, Minister of Macroeconomic Research of the Development Research Center of the State Council, published the "China Economic Outlook".
For macroeconomic issues, we can only listen to it, and we can't do anything about it, but the eight points that he proposed, including 4th, 5th, and 6th, are related to our corporate management, not entirely macroscopic.
Especially the fourth item:
“Production capacity and industrial organization: mergers and acquisitions of enterprises, relatively concentrated production, and miniaturization, intelligence and specialization have become new features.â€
This is in line with the recent efforts of the Japanese industry.
In recent years, the Japanese have vigorously advocated "production miniaturization." In China, many people may not understand: leaders, experts, and scholars on the stage are sparing no effort to advocate "bigger and stronger," how the Japanese in turn advocated " Production miniaturization?
To miniaturize production in Japan, the following conditions must be met:
- reduce the area of ​​the production workshop;
- The output is not reduced.
The workshop area is small and the benefits are:
l Save on rent, or the cost of fixed assets such as construction;
l Save electricity and other electricity costs;
l Reduce the distance of logistics such as parts in the factory;
l Reduce employees and even rely less on skilled workers.
How can I get it? This is mainly because more and more production equipment has been numerically controlled in recent years, that is, it is intelligent.
What is the difference between CNC and automation? Automation in many aspects, but also need to adjust equipment, so it is only suitable for mass production; CNC does not need to adjust equipment, this is the so-called "intelligence", so it can cope with the market "small variety", what personalized and so on.
In the past, the so-called automation is to make the workpieces fall to the ground as much as possible, and the one-time processing is completed. Now, with numerical control equipment, processing on one machine, all the boring and milling saws are completed, and the workpieces are of course not grounded.
Therefore, the miniaturization of production requires the equipment to be numerically controlled and intelligent.
Give a simple example:
- A machining center (CNC), roughly equivalent to 4 manual vertical shafts, plus 2 manual drill rigs.
- A processing center covers an area of ​​about 22-25 square meters, plus material stacking, which is about 40 square meters.
4 vertical shafts plus 2 drills, also 60 square meters, plus material stacking, about 100 square meters.
In this way, a machining center can save more than half of the space compared to traditional manual equipment.
The entire plant, from preparation to machining, from automated machining parts to CNC, saves more than half of the space.
More importantly, after the CNC is produced, the quality will definitely increase. Made with manual machines, the parts must not be interchangeable, the CNC machine is very standard, can be interchanged, the next process, product assembly, it is very convenient, and even the sale of packaging, do not have to set a group, because Parts can be shared.
The same is true for the paint shop. The flat plate is automatically rolled, the infrared is dry, and the shape is automatically sprayed, etc., which also saves a lot of space.
With intelligent equipment, there is no need for skilled workers, only general workers, and the number of workers has also decreased.
Still the above example:
——With one machining center, only one worker is needed (in fact, two machining centers, one worker will do).
- 4 vertical shafts plus 2 drills, at least 6-8 workers.
The number of workers has decreased a lot. In other words, the productivity per capita has increased a lot.
This is the concept of production miniaturization, combined with intelligent equipment, as for professionalization, that is the way of production organization.
Some time ago, I introduced the industrial cluster of Muar in Malaysia. The specialized production is a factory that only produces one product or even one component. This kind of specialized production method has very high productivity. They use non-technical foreign workers, simple production equipment and conditions, and the per capita output value is about 300,000/person/year. Don't forget, they produce very cheap dining chairs, and a chair is only twenty dollars. If they know how to change the design and use materials other than rubber wood, then a dining chair can be more than 60 US dollars, and the per capita output value will be doubled.
Japan's production methods are also like this, professional production, the country's furniture design is only 6-7 styles, so you can complement each other, you do the bedroom group, I do the living room group, and even the drawers are only 5-6 sizes. Therefore, there are only one or two factories in the drawer, which are specialized in production and centralized supply.
Therefore, the productivity of Japanese furniture factories is very high, and the per capita output value is no less than RMB 1,000,000/person/year, which is 4-5 times that of ours.
The State Council’s proposal for miniaturization, intelligentization and specialized production is to let us abandon the extensive, large, comprehensive and small production methods of the past, into modern, intensive, collaborative and specialized production. the way.
This is the transformation and upgrading of the furniture industry.
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