Ink and printing

Ink is the second-most-consuming material consumed by the printing industry behind paper. The development, production, and sales of ink will undoubtedly be affected by the general trend of the development of the printing industry.
Over the years, China's ink production has basically adapted to the overall level of social production in China, and can basically meet the development needs of China's printing industry. In recent decades, the pace of development of science and technology is unprecedented. After Bi Sheng’s invention of typographic printing, German Caspar Helman invented the lithographic offset press in 1906; in 1993, Israelis introduced color digital printing technology, which only lasted for decades. time. At present, some developed countries in the world have already completed the digital revolution of the prepress system and began to challenge the overall digitalization of printing and printing. Like in the United States, digital printing has accounted for 10% of the total printing value. In recent years, China has basically completed the revolution in printing technology that replaced offset printing with offset printing and the digital revolution in prepress systems. The international advanced Indig, Agfa, Xerox, and other advanced direct platemaking systems and digital presses have also been successively Introduced dozens of Taiwan. The application of new printing technology also puts forward new requirements for the ink industry.
At present, there are more than 400 ink production enterprises of various sizes in China, with an annual output of about 150,000 tons, accounting for only 5.6% of the world's total output. It is one-seventh that of the United States (an annual output of 1,050,000 tons of ink). One-third of Japan (an annual output of 500,000 tons of ink). China’s per capita possession of ink is less than 0.12 kilograms, while Americans account for 4 kilograms and Japan 38 kilograms. 70% of China's ink production volume was completed by a joint venture established since the 1990s. The products include offset printing inks, letterpress printing inks, gravure printing inks, and screen printing inks. Compared with the advanced countries in the world, there is a big gap between the production, variety and quality of ink production in China. In 1999, China imported more than 20,000 tons of ink from Japan, the United States, Germany, Britain, and South Korea, mainly high-grade four-color inks, gold and silver inks, and various special inks, accounting for 85% of the total imports. In fact, China's ink production can only meet the needs of a low-level, inadequate industrialized society.
Lithographic offset printing is now the main printing method in China, accounting for nearly 80% of the total printing volume, and this situation will continue in the coming period. Offset printing equipment will be based on four-color four-color printing machines, and six-color and eight-color printing machines will also be favored by strong printing companies. The printing speed of the new type of sheet-fed offset printing press is generally (10000 to 15,000) sheets/hour, and the printing speed of the new type of rotary offset printing press is as high as (45,000 to 60,000) sheets/hour, and most of them have an automatic printing system, an ink-colored remote control system, With automatic cleaning, continuous wetting system and advanced electronic operating platform, the degree of automation and integration of printing presses is already quite high. The multi-color printing, high speed, and strong timeliness of printing require higher printability of the ink. In order to meet the needs, domestic manufacturers must make efforts to improve the disadvantages of large domestic inks and poor overprinting when producing lithographic printing inks, so that the transfer rate is higher and the hue is more full and pure.
In lithographic printing inks, the faster growth in the future will be rotating inks. In some developed countries, high-speed rotary presses account for an increasing proportion of lithographic printing. Rotary inks account for a very high proportion of total ink consumption in these countries. After the reform and opening up, many units in China have successively introduced large drum high-speed multicolor rotary presses from world-famous manufacturers such as Heidelberg, Roland, and Mitsubishi. The rapid development and production of high-end domestic color rotation inks, and the early resolution of the multiplicity of domestic rotary inks and the drying problem during rapid printing have become an urgent task.
The use of thermoset rotation inks and UV inks are two ways to solve the problem of insufficient drying of fast rotary printing inks. Thermoset rotary ink is the most widely used type of fast rotary printing in the world, and the proportion of thermosetting in rotary ink in the United States is as high as 65%. Thermoset rotary ink is characterized by fast drying, economical and high-speed printing. At present, the domestic production of thermoset rotary ink can not completely replace imports, the main difference is that the hue is not correct, but also in the printing speed of more than 30,000 / will appear flying ink and other issues. With the arrival of high-speed rotary machines in China, the application of heat-set rotary inks will become more and more popular and the usage will increase. Domestic ink manufacturers should seize this opportunity.
UV inks rely on the energy of the UV light to change the molecular structure of the ink, thereby curing the ink. UV ink is an indispensable ink type in special printing and high-grade printing. The advantages of UV inks are fast curing speed, shortening the printing cycle, low temperature curing, adapting to various substrates, low solvent content, and low pollution. The disadvantage of UV inks is that they are expensive. The quality of domestic UV inks can basically satisfy most of the printing needs and the price is relatively cheap, but the UV inks used for printing some special materials still need to be imported from abroad.
As one of the four major printing methods, gravure printing technology is not ideal in China. As early as the 1950s, in order to print color pictorials, our country introduced gravure printing equipment. In the 1960s, the original Tianjin Ink Factory successfully developed gravure printing inks instead of imported inks. However, the solvent of the gravure printing paper ink is toxic, easily causes environmental pollution and flammability, and it also restricts the development of gravure printing paper technology. In the mid-1970s, the emergence of non-toxic alcohol-based gravure printing inks enabled the application of gravure printing technology from the publishing industry to the packaging industry. In the 1980s, Beijing Xinhua Color Printing Factory and other enterprises introduced gravure plastic printing equipment for food packaging, book plastics and calendar printing, etc. Each ink factory also began to develop gravure plastic ink. In the early 1990s, China successively introduced more than 30 internationally advanced gravure printing paper production lines. The printing speeds are generally in the range of (150-200) meters per minute, and are mainly used for the printing of cigarette packets. The introduction of booms has once again led to the development of domestic gravure printing inks. At present, domestic gravure printing ink can meet the market demand.
I think that although gravure printing has the characteristics of thick printing ink, poor emulation, etc., but the technology of plate making is complicated and the timeliness is poor, which restricts the further development of gravure printing technology. Correspondingly, the development and production of gravure inks will hardly be greatly improved in the future.
Flexo printing technology is a form of modern letterpress printing that has emerged after lead type printing has been eliminated. The new flexo printing equipment changed the situation that flexo printing can only print the field version in the past. Flexo printing began to print high-quality color prints, and the ink used in flexo printing was changed from aniline ink to low-pollution. Water-based ink. Because rubber and resin are used as printing plate materials, and the printing materials are reel materials, flexographic printing has characteristics such as quickness, low material consumption, and is particularly suitable for the packaging and printing industry. Flexo printing technology has developed rapidly in Europe and the United States, and technology is improving day by day. For example, in the United States, flexo printing has become the second largest printing method after plain printing. 60% of its packaging printing is accomplished by flexographic printing. The climax of the development of China's flexographic printing appeared in the 1990s. During this period, more than 100 flexo printing lines were introduced in China. At present, all types of flexographic printing consumables including water-based inks and water-based UV coatings have basically been produced in China. Many materials have been able to replace imports. This has made important contributions to the development of flexographic printing technology in China.
Flexo printing is bound to make great progress in a country with a huge potential in our packaging market. According to relevant sources, by 2010, the proportion of flexographic printing in China's printing market will increase from 1.5% to 15%, which is a very attractive market. From the ink point of view, domestic flexographic water-based inks should be reduced as soon as possible with the gap between the world's advanced products, reduce the solvent content in the ink, produce 100% aqueous flexographic ink, and produce emulsion ink as soon as possible for flexographic printing We are working hard to develop into the packaging industry and penetrate other industries.
Screen printing is the printing of ink through a very fine screen printed on the substrate. Due to flexible screen printing, screen printing is flexible and convenient. It can be printed on almost all substrates such as metal, cloth, ceramics, plastics, rubber, and printed circuit boards. It is called universal printing.
For a long time, screen printing has been dominated by workshop-style manual production in China and has not formed scale. Due to the complexity of screen printing substrates, the variety of inks is very large, and the amount of ink is generally small, so the development and production of domestic silk screen printing inks has not been able to form a series. The domestic screen printing inks are mainly imported from Japan and other countries.
In recent years, screen printing technology has also continued to develop. Foreign countries have begun to develop screen printing rotary machines, screen printing direct plate making technologies, and new ultra-wide digital screen printing equipment. China has begun to introduce large-scale multi-color screen printing machines. Silk screen printing is a non-selective and unique printing style of its substrates, which will surely play an important role in packaging, advertising, and decoration industries. Domestic ink production companies should track the latest development of international silk screen technology in time, research and develop many varieties, and many series. Marketable silk screen printing ink, and continuously improve the quality of screen printing ink. For jet ink, magnetic ink. Anti-counterfeit inks, fluorescent inks, thermal transfer inks, pearl inks, conductive inks and other high value-added special inks, as well as electronic inks, bio-inks, edible inks, etc. that have appeared in foreign countries, domestic ink production companies should also add Great research and development efforts are made to adapt to the needs of the development of the times and lay a good foundation for the establishment and development of their own companies in the competition.
For domestic ink manufacturers, in addition to meeting the needs of the development of printing technology, they should also increase investment in scientific and technological development, further increase the scientific and technological content of ink production, make full use of new materials and new technologies, and improve the quality of employees in all aspects. To achieve low production costs and low costs. Domestic ink manufacturers need to make full use of information technology and transform traditional production processes and processes while trying to adapt to the automation, integration, and digitization of printing machinery. The kind of ink production methods of manual ingredients and stand-alone production can no longer satisfy the printing of the information age. development of. In addition, if the quality of domestic inks is to be fundamentally improved, a series of problems such as the accuracy, fineness, stability, and standardization of raw materials must also be solved. At the same time, domestic ink manufacturers must also firmly implement the instructions of the State Economic and Trade Commission regarding “to shut down small ink plants with an annual output of less than 300 tons before June 2000” to realize the reorganization of resources.
In the late 1990s, some new joint-stock or private-owned ink production companies emerged in southern China. These companies have a high starting point, advanced equipment, and flexible mechanisms. They adopt key breakthroughs to develop and produce ink products that have a market. Therefore, they have a good momentum of development and are full of vitality. They may become representatives of promising national ink manufacturers. In contrast, some domestic traditional brand-name ink manufacturing companies have been twisted and fluctuate several times, and they have lost several brand names. Today, there are three key lessons to be learned from their lessons learned: First, they failed to seize the lack of joint venture start-up period. The market image has a good opportunity to prop up the banner of national brand names. Secondly, the brand name will be recognized by the market forever, ignoring the improvement of product quality, making the gold content of the brand name lower and lower; third, the improper marketing strategy is not only damaging Dealers also affected themselves. In the future development, the old state-owned ink production enterprises must carry out recast transformations, truly establish a modern enterprise system, use advanced technologies, and intensively transform and reconstruct the traditional craftsmanship, instead of seeking scale, but seek good quality and distinctive features. Strive to reshape the national brand image.
To explore the survival and development of domestic ink production companies, we should also consider it from the perspective of economic globalization. The outbreak of the Asian financial crisis is essentially the effect of economic globalization. Now, there is a problem of overproduction in the international ink market, and the main market share is concentrated in the hands of some very large multinational companies. Once China joins the WTO, the previous tariff protection will cease to exist, and imported ink that has threatened domestic ink production will certainly further impact the domestic market. In addition, foreign capital may also accelerate the pace of entering the Chinese market by adding additional investment in China’s joint ventures. It should be admitted that the current domestic ink production companies have not yet competed with large foreign companies. The more realistic approach is to adopt a strategy of “you have me, you have me, and you develop together” and pay attention to maintaining the same proportion of capital increase as possible. In doing so, on the one hand, the overall level of domestic ink production enterprises can be improved, and at the same time, state-owned assets can be guaranteed.

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