Packaging and Commercial Printing3

Printing > Section 3 Commercial Printing

People are accustomed to dividing printed matter into two categories: one type of printed matter is the content of the plot, such as books, newspapers, pictures, trademarks, brochures, securities, etc.; the Other type of printed matter is basically free of plot content, and some even There are neither words nor pictures, such as letter paper, forms, etc. This second type of print is a commercial print.

Commercial prints include various bills, invoices, tickets, tickets, etc., as well as books, forms, and barcodes that are used in large quantities since the 1980s.

There are various journals, exercise books, photo albums, office supplies, stationery, manuscript papers, and puck cards.

Since commercial and cultural prints are used only as expendable items in business offices and people's daily lives, there is no plot content and they are not generally regarded as spiritual products. Therefore, the state's management of such printing is not like books and newspapers. , securities and packaging printing are as strict. However, in terms of the number of printing plants, commercial product printing companies account for the vast majority of the entire printing industry (Table 21-3).

Table 21-3 Statistics of Shanghai Printing Industry Association Members in 1951:

Industry Number of employees Private employees Remarks Printed books 793100150 Casting copper mold 3646050 Photolithography 4669090 Books binding 1303640230 Printed parts 98263301460 Among them, husband and wife factory number 109 Offset, lithograph, silk lacquer 1473380250 Wax polish 67300135 Paper product * 70347001440 Couples small factory number 230 carton industry 69062001380

total

2877288005185

Note* The paper product industry includes 108 households in the manufacturing industry, 136 accounts in the book industry, 62 households in the paper product group, 167 households in the paper and cardboard industry, and 230 households in the husbandry and small-scale factory.

The statistical data in Table 21-3 shows that there were less than 400 manufacturers engaged in book printing in the Shanghai printing industry in 1951, and there were fewer than 200 manufacturers engaged in packaging and printing. Among the 2877 printing plants, printing parts for printing parts and paper products are mainly engaged in the printing of commercial products. They account for the vast majority.

According to the statistics of the State Administration of Industry and Commerce, from 1993 to 1994, there were about 60,000 enterprises engaged in printing in China, of which more than 6,000 were engaged in packaging and printing, there were more than 5,000 books and printing, and less than 1,000 newspapers were engaged in printing. Only 10 more were printed. Even some of these printing houses also run commercial products. In addition to these factories, there are about 48,000 printing companies mainly engaged in the printing of commercial and office supplies. A large part of these printing factories is newly established township enterprises after the reform and opening up in the 1980s. In short, among the printing companies in China, the scale is relatively small, the equipment is relatively simple, and the industry management is relatively loose. The largest number of printing companies are engaged in commercial products.

Printing> First, printing of commercial products

In commercial prints, there are a variety of bills, books, forms, and so on. These prints are characterized by less text, some without even text, and printing plates making it easier. Before the 1960s, it was mainly printed on the lead edition. The printing factory was small in scale. Generally, there was no casting room, and typesetting materials such as lead type, lead air, waterline, and lead lead were purchased for settlement. There are only a few disc machines and square box machines in the factory, and a hand-crank machine is also available. These small-scale printing factories (shops) were widely seen in major cities such as Shanghai, Tianjin, Xi’an, Chongqing, Wuhan, Guangzhou and Shenyang before the public-private partnership in the 1950s. Along the street pavilion, two or three printing presses, four or five people, a boss to bring a few guys, and even husband and wife, father and son shop, both printing workshops, but also business stores. After the public-private partnership in 1956, the implementation of joint ventures, joint ventures or a central factory to promote a number of small factories, the scale of production will develop.

Since the 1980s, in the tide of reform and opening up, township and township enterprises have sprung up and many of them are printing companies. Among these printing companies, many are printing commercial and stationery products. Township printing facilities mostly come from used equipment in big state-owned printing factories. With the rise of the plain printing industry, these types of printed materials are useful for printed and printed documents.

Train tickets such as railway systems, buses and trams in public transportation systems in big cities, and so on. These prints consume large quantities and require strict management. They are generally printed in the professional printing system of this system.

Judging from the situation in Beijing, by the end of 1988, there were 1,279 printing companies in Beijing, 871 of which were investigated, and 442 commercial prints (including packaging and printing) were fully engaged, accounting for about 51% of the total. Of these 442, 335 were township enterprises, accounting for 76%, 53 were self-employed, accounting for 12%, 16 were central ministries and commissions, 5 were troops, and 33 were municipal enterprises. According to all systems, there are 296 collective enterprises, accounting for 67%; 93 enterprises and 53 individuals.

In order to facilitate the automatic identification and sale of packaged goods, since the 1980s, bar code marking has been widely applied to commodity packaging. That is, in the obvious part of the packaging of goods, black and white vertical and horizontal bars with different widths and widths are printed to indicate different Arabic numerals and called bar codes. . Many factories of light industry packaging and printing systems have obtained printing licenses issued by China's barcode centers, such as Shanghai People's Printing 8 Factory, Shanghai People's Printing Factory, Shanghai Bump Printing Factory, Beijing Color Printing Factory, Nanjing Color Printing Factory, Kunming Color Printing Factory, Guangzhou Oriental Red Printing Company, Xi'an First Printing Factory, Changsha Art Printing Factory, etc. are all allowed to engage in bar code printing.

Printing> Second, stationery printing

There are also a wide range of cultural prints, including various exercise books, workbooks, notebooks, diaries, photo albums, letter papers, and slate papers, as well as various office prints and playing cards, etc. (color illustration 21-5). .

Coloring book 21-5

China is a country with a large population. The amount of exercise books designed for primary and secondary school students to use in coursework is considerable. In all major cities, there are special binding production printing plants that produce a variety of books.

In the 1950s, printing was basically a manual operation except for printers and cutting machines. Some exquisite diary covers, certificates, and certificates were printed with silk lacquer. This is a primary form of screen printing. First draw the pattern on the net by hand, use the different color harmony paint to squeegee on the net, the paint passes through the net hole, leaks to the printing material. Because it is based on screen printing, lacquer replaces ink, so silk lacquer printing is called.

Early form printing was the same as commercial book printing, using a book paper with a basis weight of 25 to 45 grams squared to print on a small letterpress printer. In addition, diary books, commemorative albums, playing cards, etc.