Pipeline Leakage and Design of Leakage Clamp with Pressure

Leakage of the chemical equipment and pipelines in the volume of the pipeline and the design of the plugging fixture with pressure Zhang Ji China Petroleum Corporation Dushanzi Petrochemical Branch Research Institute, Dushanzi [Abstract] briefly analyzes the causes of pipeline leakage Pressure plugging method for different leakage parts such as pipe elbow tee.

"Keywords" Pipeline leakage with pressure plugging sealing fixture overview In the continuous production of the modern chemical industry, even the production equipment equipped with the latest technology implements a high-level management method, due to the corrosion of the fluid medium and the temperature pressure vibration welding Due to the damage of defective sealing materials and other factors, problems such as running and dripping will inevitably occur on the equipment pipeline.

According to the survey, all of the above leaks in the oil refining and chemical installations appeared on the pipeline.

Once the leakage occurs, it should be dealt with in time, otherwise the degree of leakage will develop rapidly.

At present, the method used to deal with the leakage of the pipeline is the injection type pressure sealing technology.

The basic principle is to install a suitable fixture on the leakage site, and the fixture and the outer surface of the leakage site form a new sealed cavity.

The sealant is injected into the sealed cavity at a pressure higher than that of the leaking medium, and the sealant solidifies rapidly, thereby establishing a new sealing structure and achieving the purpose of plugging.

In addition to the correct implementation of the operating process, the main task of high-quality plugging is to ensure the sealing fixture.

The sealing jig is an important part of the injection type pressure sealing technology. It is a metal component that is installed on the outside of the leakage defect and part of the outer surface of the leakage part to form a new sealed cavity. It is used to contain the sealant and withstand leakage. Pressure element of medium pressure and injection sealant pressure.

Design of the sealing fixture The design of the sealing fixture should be based on the leakage conditions and environment, the temperature and pressure of the medium, and the materials should be selected reasonably and the structure determined.

Determination of the material of the sealing fixture The material of the sealing fixture should be selected according to the leakage conditions.

Comprehensive consideration of factors such as the temperature and pressure of the leaking medium and the basic properties of various materials.

In the absence of special requirements, ordinary carbon steel is generally used.

Because its strength and plasticity have a good match, at the corresponding temperature, its mechanical properties are sufficient to meet the requirements of the fixture material.

This material has a wide adaptability range, low price, easy cutting, and good welding performance.

For corrosive media such as strong acids and bases, the contact between the fixture body and the medium is only a moment before the sealant is injected. The fixture made of steel also has good mechanical properties.

Therefore, the 35 steel, which is more common in ordinary carbon steel, is selected as the material for the jig manufacturing, which can meet the requirements of most media leakage jigs.

For high-temperature leaking media, the material of the sealing fixture should be the same as the equipment material or high temperature resistant material, such as stainless steel, to avoid the creep of the metal under the action of high temperature and stress.

The design of the structure of the sealing fixture The factors that should be considered in the design of the sealing fixture 1 The strength of the fixture The strength of the fixture is determined by three factors: the strength of the fixture body and the strength of the ear plate welding seam.

Therefore, the strength calculation of the fixture should include the contents of these three parts.

In order to ensure the effectiveness and long life of the plugging of the fixture, in addition to having sufficient strength, the fixture also needs to have a certain rigidity to ensure that the fixture does not generate excessively high temperatures and pressures during plugging. Deformed.

Therefore, the design thickness of the fixture is double the calculated strength. ? The influence of temperature The high temperature effect leads to thermal expansion, causing changes in the geometry of the fixture.

Therefore, the size of the jig used in high-temperature conditions should be considered taking into account the processing margin. ? The effect of pressure on the leakage of high-pressure media must enhance the sealing performance of the fixture.

A sealing groove can be opened at the contact point between the clamping ring of the clamp and the outer edge of the flange.

For the thickness) flange, even two sealing grooves can be used.

The design of the sealing fixture should meet the following requirements 1 The sealing fixture should have a certain strength and rigidity.

o There must be a hermetically sealed cavity between the fixture and the leaking site to ensure its sealing performance. ? The jig should be more than two separate pieces for easy installation. ? The jig should be provided with an internally threaded injection hole, and the position and number of holes should be suitable for filling the sealing cavity with the entire injection cavity. ? The gap between the fixture and the leakage site does not seem to overflow the sealant, and it is generally controlled below.

Pipeline leakage and treatment pipeline leakage generally occur at the welding part of the connection part of the pipeline and the turning point of the fluid.

Therefore, typical leak-prone parts of the pipeline include straight flange elbow tees.

Flange leakage and treatment flange leakage is generally due to the failure of the sealing gasket to cause leakage between the gasket and the flange surface is not tight.

Flange clamps are generally designed as snap ring clamps.

Considering the problem of flange connection bolts, it must be avoided that the medium seeps out of the flange bolt holes.

Therefore, whether the design of the injection hole on the fixture is reasonable will directly affect the success or failure of plugging.

The number of injection holes should be the same as the number of bolt holes of the blocked flange, and the distribution of each injection hole should be between the two bolt holes.

The following two types of flange clamps are often used. When the connection gap of the leaking flange is greater than the pressure of the leaking medium and the leakage volume is large, the convex flange clamp should be used.

This flange fixture has a positioning boss in the middle, and its width can be determined according to the flange gap.

The processing size of the clamp is relatively accurate. After being installed on the leakage flange, the overall sealing performance is good, and the success rate of the plugging operation is high.

The basic structure is shown in the figure.

An injection hole, a snap ring, a double-headed stud, a nut, an earring-shaped flange fixture. When the connection gap of the leaking flange is less than the following, you can use the concave flange fixture method to work to adapt to this type of small gap flange leakage. Special cases.

There is a groove in the middle of the concave flange fixture to form a sealing cavity, which is used to fill the sealant.

The basic structure is shown in the figure.

The leakage of the knee injection hole, a snap ring, a double-headed stud, a nut and an earring straight pipe and the leakage of the straight pipe section often occur in the circumferential weld of the two pipes butted, mainly caused by welding defects.

For example, the slag inclusion cracks are not fully penetrated.

Non-welded parts are prone to corrosion and perforation at the weak link of the pipeline under the influence of the corrosion erosion vibration of the fluid medium and the internal defects of the metal, resulting in leakage.

The following three types of straight pipe clamps are often used. Pressure plate straight pipe clamps When the pressure of the leaking medium is relatively small, the temperature is lower than the leakage volume, and the operator can contact the leak defect, you can use the good plasticity of the sealant. Use clamping method to eliminate leakage.

as the picture shows.

In order to ensure the effectiveness and long life of the plugging of the fixture, in addition to having sufficient strength, the fixture also needs to have a certain rigidity to ensure that the fixture does not generate excessively high temperatures and pressures during plugging. Deformed.

Therefore, the design thickness of the fixture is double the calculated strength. ? The influence of temperature The high temperature effect leads to thermal expansion, causing changes in the geometry of the fixture.

Therefore, the size of the jig used in high-temperature conditions should be considered taking into account the processing margin. ? The effect of pressure on the leakage of high-pressure media must enhance the sealing performance of the fixture.

A sealing groove can be opened at the contact point between the clamping ring of the clamp and the outer edge of the flange.

For the thickness) flange, even two sealing grooves can be used.

The design of the sealing fixture should meet the following requirements 1 The sealing fixture should have a certain strength and rigidity.

o There must be a hermetically sealed cavity between the fixture and the leaking site to ensure its sealing performance. ? The jig should be more than two separate pieces for easy installation. ? The jig should be provided with an internally threaded injection hole, and the position and number of holes should be suitable for filling the sealing cavity with the entire injection cavity. ? The gap between the fixture and the leakage site does not seem to overflow the sealant, and it is generally controlled below.

Pipeline leakage and treatment pipeline leakage generally occur at the welding part of the connection part of the pipeline and the turning point of the fluid.

Therefore, typical leak-prone parts of the pipeline include straight flange elbow tees.

Flange leakage and treatment flange leakage is generally due to the failure of the sealing gasket to cause leakage between the gasket and the flange surface.

Flange clamps are generally designed as snap ring clamps.

Considering the problem of flange connection bolts, it must be avoided that the medium seeps out of the flange bolt holes.

Therefore, whether the design of the injection hole on the fixture is reasonable will directly affect the success or failure of plugging.

The number of injection holes should be the same as the number of bolt holes of the blocked flange, and the distribution of each injection hole should be between the two bolt holes.

The following two types of flange clamps are often used. When the connection gap of the leaking flange is greater than the pressure of the leaking medium and the amount of leakage is large, the convex flange clamp should be used.

This flange fixture has a positioning boss in the middle, and its width can be determined according to the flange gap.

The processing size of the clamp is relatively accurate. After being installed on the leakage flange, the overall sealing performance is good, and the success rate of the plugging operation is high.

The basic structure is shown in the figure.

An injection hole, a snap ring, a double-headed stud, a nut, an earring-shaped flange fixture. When the connection gap of the leaking flange is less than the following, you can use the concave flange fixture method to work to adapt to this type of small gap flange leakage. Special cases.

There is a groove in the middle of the concave flange fixture to form a sealing cavity, which is used to fill the sealant.

The basic structure is shown in the figure.

The leakage of the knee injection hole, a snap ring, a double-headed stud, a nut and an earring straight pipe and the leakage of the straight pipe section often occur in the circumferential weld of the two pipes butted, mainly caused by welding defects.

For example, the slag inclusion cracks are not fully penetrated.

Non-welded parts are prone to corrosion and perforation at the weak link of the pipeline under the influence of the corrosion erosion vibration of the fluid medium and the internal defects of the metal, resulting in leakage.

The following three types of straight pipe clamps are often used. Pressure plate straight pipe clamps When the pressure of the leaking medium is relatively small, the temperature is lower than the leakage volume, and the operator can contact the leak defect, you can use the good plasticity of the sealant. Use clamping method to eliminate leakage.

as the picture shows.

Calculating and Solving the Export Parameters of Variable-Pump Air-Pump Refrigerators at Variable Operating Conditions Lin Tao PetroChina Dalian Petrochemical Branch Company, Dalian [Abstract] The equations of state were used to calculate and solve the export parameters of the air-wave refrigerators under variable operating conditions.

The calculation shows that in the intake composition of the air wave machine, the more light components, the greater the critical velocity at the outlet of the distributor, the mass flow rate of the fluid decreases, and the molar flow rate increases. Under the same intake conditions, the cooling temperature of the mixture of different components decreases. The inlet pressure is increased by a large difference, and the mass flow rate and the molar flow rate of the distributor are increased. With the same cooling efficiency, the temperature drop of the light component in the intake air is large when the light component is long, and the temperature drop is small when the recombination component is long. Practical guidance significance.

Key words] gas-wave refrigerator variable working conditions, vapor-liquid mixture a, into a knife, a gas-wave refrigerator has no rotating parts during operation, reliable operation, simple structure and convenient maintenance, so it has been used in natural gas dehydration light hydrocarbons and factory tail gas recovery The more important role.

The research on air wave refrigerators is becoming more and more in-depth. Zou Jiupeng and other people have improved the structure of air wave refrigerators and achieved good cooling results. Jiang Hongchuan theoretically discussed the problems of air wave refrigerators and other issues, and proposed An effective way to estimate efficiency.

However, no further research has been done on the calculation of the outlet parameters of the gas distributor, and these parameters have important guiding significance for the design structure and process flow of the gas wave refrigerator.

Especially when the working condition of the air wave machine changes, it is necessary to understand the various changes in the outlet parameters of the distributor, which is essential for the safe and efficient operation of the air wave refrigerator.

The establishment of the mathematical model The gas distributor is actually a rotating tapered nozzle, as shown in the figure.

There are many factors that affect the flow of fluid in the distributor, mainly the continuous change of the cross-sectional viscous friction energy effect and the external heat transfer phase change. The molecular weight change caused by the phase change and the specific heat change. The phase balance change caused by the temperature drop Wait.

Due to the short size of the nozzle and the high flow velocity, the boundary layer formed when the fluid flows in the nozzle is very thin. The effect of viscous friction on the fluid state is small. The leakage medium of the flow is very different, and the quality of the fixture design is directly related to The success of the plugging operation and the length of service life.

Although we have designed a variety of different fixture structures for different parts of the leakage situation, in practical applications, more complicated situations may be encountered.

For some leaks, although the leak was stopped at that time, a second leak occurred two or three days later.

Therefore, we also need to continuously sum up experience and gradually optimize the structure of the fixture during the field practice.

Refer to the year old Yi Xian Xi Hu Yi pseudo.

Leakage and plugging of dynamic sealing technology "Beijing National Defense Industry Press," Niu Xueqin.

Strength design of plugging fixture [Petrochemical Equipment,

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