Top Ten Packaging Inventions in the 20th Century (Chinese)

5. MetalHocene Polymers
In 1951, Wilkinson developed the ferrocene C5H52Fe coordination compound, which opened up the most widely used and the world's largest amount of new-type polymer in this century.
After the invention of ferrocene, many scientists engaged in research work in this area, and developed new complex compounds such as zirconocene, titanocene, and hafnocene.
In 1976, Kaminsky et al. synthesized polyethylene (mPE) using a zirconocene and methylaluminoxane (MAO) catalytic system. From then on, he began to investigate the new wave of metallocene catalysts and new metallocene polymer materials.
In 1991, based on the single active catalytic technology (SSC) successfully developed by Exxon in the 1980s, the company first successfully produced metallocene polyethylene (mPE) on 15,000 tons of high pressure equipment, and started metallocene plastics. The industrial production has opened up a new era of polyolefin production.
Compared with the traditional production technology (LDPE, HDPE, LLDPE), mPE has more advantages: its film strength is high, the vertical and horizontal uniformity, flexibility, puncture resistance, impact resistance are good, especially the heat sealing performance is good ( Low sealing temperature, wide heat-sealing temperature and short heat-sealing time, etc., good sealing performance, good barrier properties, most suitable for packaging materials, to be thinner, stronger, better and cheaper green The direction of development is expected to reach 12 million tons in 2005.
Metallocene polypropylene (mPP) was developed in the 1980s and began industrial production in the 1990s, which is one step higher than traditional PP production (ZN catalysis).
The development and production of mPP are mainly Fina Corporation, Hoechst Corporation, Exxon Corporation and Mitsui Corporation. In 1997, the first Tarpor company in Europe to produce mPP (jointly built by BASF and Hoechst) was put into production. In 1998, Japan's Hsu-Supplier's mPP went into production. Due to the excellent properties of mPP, such as transparency, gloss, flexibility, impact resistance and the like, it is mainly used in the packaging field. In 1985, Japan Ishihara first developed polystyrene (mPS) using a titanium metallocene catalyst system (CpTiCl3/MAO). (Cp stands for Maukey).
In 1996, Japan's Idemitsu Chemical and Dow Chemical Company of the United States successively realized the industrial production of mPS. The processing of mPS can be used in injection molding, compression molding, extrusion molding and thermoforming processes. Its application areas mainly include packaging, films, injection molded parts and other thermoplastic engineering plastics.
The use of metallocene catalysts for the production of copolymers began in the 1990s. At present, there are mainly ethylene-styrene copolymers, propylene-ethylene-butylene terpolymers and so on. In particular, the c-high olefin-propylene copolymer (HAO-PP) developed by Exxon in recent years is particularly popular.
In 1999, the Dow Plastics Company of the United States will put into production the production line with an annual output of 32,000 tons, which will become the world's largest manufacturer of ethylene-styrene copolymers.
6.Anticorrosin Packaging Technology
In 1923, the British scientist UREvans first proposed the theory of atmospheric corrosion, and pioneered the era of modern anti-corrosion packaging technology. Anti-corrosion packaging is the oldest traditional technology in human history. In order to survive, human beings learned how to use raw materials such as triads, earth tar, and gypsum for preservation packaging as early as 4500 years ago. In 1907 German archeologist Borchaldt discovered the world's oldest metal pipe. According to scientific methods, it was concluded that it was the product of mankind over 4,000 years ago, and some people thought it was a masterpiece of the extraterrestrial visitor. In 1931, scientist Veron proposed the principle of critical humidity corrosion, which has become the theoretical basis of modern anti-corrosion packaging design. In 1939 Veron invented the artificial corrosion test method and proposed the phenomenon of water vapor condensation. In the Second World War, anticorrosive (erosion) research work was temporarily suspended. In 1963, American scientist MGFontana proposed corrosion engineering.
In 1928, the United States began a 20-year corrosion test study. In 1964, German scientist R. Meldau performed microscopic research using advanced equipment such as electron microscopes.
With the development of industry, corrosion losses have only increased. For this reason, the 1961 International Corruption Conference (ICMC) was held. In 1970, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) set up a corrosion protection mechanism. In 1981, China began to participate in international conferences. In the same year, the Chinese Society of Antiseptic Packaging was established.
Corrosion is the enemy of the national economy. The developed countries such as the United States, Britain, the Soviet Union, France, Japan and Germany lose between 100 and 30 billion U.S. dollars each year, and China’s losses are about 36 billion U.S. dollars. According to reports, China's annual loss of steel caused by corrosion accounts for 10% of the annual output, reaching as much as 10 million tons. It is possible to build 30 Beijing-Guangzhou Railways. This shows the importance of anti-corrosion packaging.
Corrosion is ubiquitous. Chemicals, transportation, vehicles, ships, machinery and equipment, household appliances, and packaging industries all have the threat of corrosion. There are as many as 50 or 60 types of corrosion appearance, making it difficult to prevent them.
For packaging, anti-corrosion packaging has a double meaning: First, it must have anti-corrosion (erosion) protection function for packaging products; second, it must also carry out anti-corrosion packaging of packaging materials packaging containers (according to the definition of corrosion, the environmental damage of materials, such as Stress cracking, plastic aging, metal rust, stone weathering, etc. are all areas of corrosion). In particular, products exported through the ocean, such as optical, mechanical, electrical, high-grade, fine, sharp and other equipment, as well as chemical, food and other anti-corrosion packaging are more important.
Anti-corrosion packaging is a comprehensive protection technology, often using moisture-proof packaging, anti-mildew packaging, rust-proof packaging, gas phase packaging, nitrogen filling packaging, oxygen removal packaging, dry packaging, rust-proof grease, silicone and other technical methods. The quality of packaging often depends on the length of the storage period. Long-term storage (more than 10 years) of defense products is very strict. Anti-corrosion packaging is also used for the protection of unearthed cultural relics. For example, the “colored pottery bowl” that was unearthed more than 2000 years ago in the tombs of the First Emperor Qin Shihuang and the Han Jing Emperor’s Mausoleum was able to meet the people of the world. The significance is even greater.
7. Conducting Polymers
In 1977, K Shiakawa and Mac Diarmid first discovered that using Asf5 to dope polyacetylene to obtain excellent conductive polymer materials opened up a new era of conductive polymers.
As we all know, the high insulation of plastic is one of its advantages, but it is the enemy of high-tech electrostatic sensitive products and electromagnetic sensitive products. There are two types of conductive polymers developed for this purpose, namely composite and structural types. The former, of course, is not as convenient and superior (as transparent) as the latter.
Scientists have conducted extensive scientific research on conductive Electro-active Polymers, and in the 20 years have developed a variety of conductive polymer-based (for packaging) materials.
Since the first development of polyacetylene (PAc) in 1977, various conductive polymers have been introduced. In 1980, AFDiaz and others successfully developed polyaniline (PAn) films. It has good electrical conductivity and stability, its electrical conductivity can be as high as 10s/cm, and its heat resistance is good. PAn can be heat-resistant at 360°C. It also has electrochromism, photoelectric conversion properties, nonlinear optical properties, and electromagnetic properties. Absorbing properties as well as catalysis make it versatile. In terms of packaging, it can be used in anti-static packaging, electromagnetic shielding packaging, smart observation window, stealth packaging, selective air permeability film and so on.
Research on polythiophene (PTP) began in the early 1980s. The earliest developed poly (methyl) thiophene had poor electrical conductivity and poor practicality. Since 1989, scientists systematically conducted research and developed a variety of products, mainly including: Poly(ethyl)thiophene (PEOT), poly(α-triple)thiophene (α-PTP), poly(butyl)thiophene (PBTh), poly(3-alkyl)thiophene (P3AT), and the like. The higher conductivity of polythiophene is generally 10-8s/cm. After doping, the conductance charge can increase 3-8 times, up to 10-5 ~ 10s/cm. Its application is the same as PAn.
Polypyrrole (PPy) was studied in the 1980s. In 1985, Japan's Takea Ojio and Seizo Miyata first developed PPy composite membranes, thereby widening the application of polypyrrole, and now there are also many kinds of polypyrroles, such as poly(3-alkyl)pyrazole (PAP) and poly(3). - Alkyl thiophene) pyrrole (PATP) and the like.
In addition, structural (conjugated) conductive polymers have also invented polyparaphenylene (PPP), polyphenylenevinylene (PPV), polydiacetylene (PDA), polyacene (PAS), polythiopheneacetylene (PTV), Polybutyne (PPB) and so on.
The above structured conductive polymers PPy, PTP, PAN, PPP, PPB, etc. have attracted attention from various industries due to their various uses. However, due to different uses, in addition to improving the performance of conductive polymers, the main application of composite methods, such as PPy-PPA, PTP-PAN, PAn-PET, PPy-PET composite film, its performance is greatly improved, the conductivity can be The level of silver and copper also broadened the application of packaging (PAN for polyacrylonitrile).
8. Nanomaterials for packaging
Nanotechnology is the youngest and most advanced science and technology in the 20th century, and it is also the most promising science and technology in the 21st century.
One nanometer is one billionth of a meter, which is close to the size of the atom. This is the latest scientific and technological achievement that people have been pursuing from large to small.
Nanotechnology was brewing in the 1970s and 1980s. In 1984, Rustun Roy first proposed the concept of nanomaterials. In 1988, H.Gleier and R. Seagel and others proposed the structure theory of nanomaterials. In 1989, IBM Corporation of the United States realized the technology. The composition of nano-patterns; in 1990 Japan first developed (can be used for packaging) nano-composite materials (PA6/Mt).
The advent of nano-high-tech has attracted the attention of governments of all countries. In 1990, the United States included it in the "Government Key Technologies" and "Strategic Technologies in 2005" that began in 1991. In 1992, Japan began a 10-year "Nanotechnology Development Plan." In 1993, Germany proposed " In the 10-year key plan, nanotechnology has accounted for almost 1/6; in 1995, the European Union put forward a report that will develop nanotechnology into the "second largest manufacturing industry"; in 1996, the world launched a "nanotechnology boom."
In 1993, the International Nanotechnical Commission (INTC) divided nanoscience and technology into 6 university departments: nanophysics, nanobiology, nanochemistry, nanoelectronics, nanotechnology, and nanometrics, in order to advance nanoscience and technology globally. System development and promotion.
Nanoscience is the crystallization of special phenomena in the range of 0.1 to 100 nm (1 nm = 0.001 μm = 10 -9 m). The reason why it is "red fire" is its material has super performance, its product is "super mini" type, such as micro-satellites only 100 grams and performance is comparable with 1000 kg. For packaging, nanotechnology will transform packaging into a new era. In 1990, Japan's Genki Kosan Co., Ltd. and Toyota Central Research Institute first successfully developed PA6/Mt (montmorillonite about 5%) nanocomposites and carried out industrial-scale production. The catastrophe is a cation exchange reaction between sodium ions in the montmorillonite (Mt) layer and alkyl amines, and the monomer or polymer is injected between the layers, such as the ring-opening polymerization at high temperature after incorporation of ε-caprolactam. During the polymerization, the neatly aligned Mt interlayer spacing (about 1.31 nm thick) was disrupted and dispersed into the PA6 resin to form a nanocomposite. This method has caused great concern. In 1995 and 1996, two companies in Japan developed nano-SiO2, mica and other nano-composites. In 1995, PET (90%)/LCP (10%) was successfully developed by Superex Polymer Co., Ltd. under the trade name Vectra A950. When a special compatibilizer is used for polymerization, the liquid crystal polymer LCP is very finely dispersed in the PET resin to form a microscopic state of "fibril", which not only makes the composite material high in strength but also has heat resistance and barrier properties. Better than PET, suitable for bottle containers, its biaxially stretched film is a good packaging material, in line with green packaging requirements, because LCP is microscopic "microfiber" state, so with 10% LCP Can replace PET reinforced resin, because in the recovery of recycled PET / GF, reprocessing is a very troublesome problem.
Nowadays, nano-composite polymers such as SiO2, T1O2, Al2O3, MgO, B2O3, AIN, and Y2O3 have been used (main materials are PET, PEN, PBT, PTT, POM, PS, PP, PMMA, etc.)

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