Whether it is an existing single-layer or multi-layer PET beer bottle, it can meet the needs of beer filling. Commercial products are available in Europe and the United States. The change trend of various physical and chemical indicators of beer is consistent with that of beer filled with glass bottles.
From 2002 to 2003, we carried out a series of filling tests on PET bottles and PEN bottles from different companies. According to the results of the experiment, we believe: multilayer and some single-layer PET bottles and single-layer PEN bottles can satisfy beer filling. Packing and shelf life requirements. Take some of the PEN bottle data as an example.
A PEN bottle supplied by a British company is a 500ml brown bottle, which is sealed with the company's aluminum lid. After the pasteurization, both the bottle and the lid exhibited a good state without drums, drum lids, and air leakage. At the same time, the 640-ml glass bottled beer of the same liquor was used as a control, and physical and chemical indicators such as CO2, foam holding power, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity were tested, and a 2000-km bump test was performed and taste evaluation was performed.
PEN bottle tracking detection (physical and chemical indicators)
Test date glass bottle PEN bottle
CO2(%m/m) Bubble Force (S) Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) Turbidity (EBC) CO2(%m/m) Foam Holding Force (S) Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) Turbidity (EBC)
April 21st 0.56 312 0.12 0.19 0.53 328 0.11 0.19
April 28 0.56 307 0.06 0.20 0.53 326 0.07 0.18
May 20th 0.56 308 0.07 0.17 0.53 326 0.07 0.17
June 23 0.56 255 0.08 0.16 0.53 245 0.18 0.18
July 21 0.56 226 0.07 0.23 0.46 228 0.06 0.21
August 25th 0.54 280 0.05 0.51 0.46 297 0.04 0.30
September 22 0.53 279 0.03 0.33 0.46 280 0.04 0.42
October 23 0.51 297 0.07 0.57 0.42 290 0.04 0.38
According to the results of the inspection report, we can see that the four sets of data detected within two months, PEN bottles and glass bottles, no significant change, and from the third month of test data, PEN bottled beer contains CO2 There is a clear decline. In view of the above, we discussed with the company's experts that the molecular structure of the PEN bottle will change when the temperature is high (considering that the temperature in July is relatively high, and thus CO2 leakage occurs).
In May 2003, the trial test of the wine was started (2000 km). There was no significant change in the CO2 leakage between PEN bottles and glass bottles.
The evaluation committee members respectively evaluated the beer filled with PEN bottles on the 10th, 30th, 60th and 180th days after filling. Use a method of comparison with the control. The judges thought that the beer filled with PEN bottles and the beer filled with glass bottles were more consistent in taste, and PEN bottles had no adverse effects on beer.
(a) In the case of single-layer bottles, after several years of research and development, single-layer bottles have evolved from simple outer coatings and inner coatings to single-layer bottles that can be safely used in breweries. The following focuses on the technologies used in several single-layer bottles that are currently in use, while omitting the introduction of beer brands.
The beer bottles of the Sidel Company in France that use indefinite carbon coating technology have been filled with draft beer in Europe after technological improvements.
Japan Nissei ASB company uses hard carbon inner coating bottle, using high frequency plasma to stimulate the plasma, the use of gas and Sidel company are acetylene, amorphous carbon inside the bottle to form a protective layer;
U.S. Invida uses a phase dispersant to make nylon pellets smaller and make them into preforms. After the preforms are blown into bottles, small nylon particles become irregularly dispersed nylon flakes, and nylon flakes have a good gas barrier effect. The dedicated catalyst allows nylon to be oxidized by the infiltrated oxygen and has an oxygen absorbing effect in the last one year.
The Italian SIG employs a silica internal coating technology using gases as follows:
(CH3)3-Si-O-Si(CH3)3 This gas, under the excitation of high-energy microwaves, becomes silicon dioxide, water, and carbon dioxide. Silica forms a 10 nm thick silica coating on the inside of the bottle, which is resistant to pasteurization.
Krones of Germany, silica coating technology, uses a high-energy plasma beam to excite silicon into a plasma stream under vacuum conditions. Silicon and a small amount of residual oxygen forms a 20-30 nm thick silica on the outside of the bottle. Floor.
A company in Zhejiang, China, uses nano-materials to modify the PET material and disperse the nanoscale inorganic materials into the organic phase. The oxygen barrier rate is nearly 10 times. In the Wuyishan City of Fujian Province, domestically produced PET bottle beer filling machines have been used for two batches of production filling. This bottle can withstand pasteurization and has no significant effect on the taste of beer. The development of this nanomaterial bottle was supported by technical personnel from Zhejiang University and the beer industry.
(b) The use of multi-layer bottles There are currently 5 layers of bottles in the United States, and the price is about 1.2 yuan/only. There are three layers of beer bottles in Europe. Mainly used for the filling of draft beer.
Domestically, the three-tier bottle launched by Shanghai Zijiang Group can meet the requirements for the filling of draft beer.
Zhongfu Group's three-tier bottle has launched a pasteurized beer bottle. The continuous production of small beer has been more than a year. The product is positioned as a high-end night beer and is sold on the front line of China's coast.
According to what we currently know: As of September 2004, the following beer companies in China have been producing beer in PET bottles.
1. Zhuhai Unicorn Unified Beer Co., Ltd. (three-tier bottle, 400 mL, cooked beer)
2. Sanjiu Brewery, Shijiazhuang (three-tier bottle, 400mL, cooked beer)
3. Hubei Yueyang (three-tier bottle, 1600mL, fresh beer)
4. Hubei Lantian Beer Group (single bottle, 2300mL, fresh beer)
5. Zhangjiagang Brewery (960mL draft beer, 2000mL fresh beer)
6. Fujian Wuyishan Brewery (single-layer nanomaterial bottle, 500mL cooked beer)
Brewery and bottling plants in the following regions are exploring the feasibility of using PET bottles
1. Shanghai Brewery (single bottle nano bottle, 500 mL cooked beer, draft beer)
2. Shandong Laizhou Brewery (three-tier bottle, 1600 mL pure draft beer)
3. Qianjiang Beer Group (three-tier bottle, draft beer)
4. A brewery in Jiujiang, Jiangxi (single bottle nanomaterial bottle, 500mL cooked beer)
5. A brewery in the Jinggangshan area in Jiangxi Province (single bottle nanomaterial bottle, 500mL cooked beer)
6. A brewery in Yunnan Province (three-tier bottles and single-layer nanomaterial bottles, cooked beer, draft beer)
7. Lhasa Brewery (3-layer bottle, single-layer nanomaterial bottle, cooked beer)
8. Xiamen Huaxinmao Packaging Container Co., Ltd., jointly established by China Fortune Industrial Co., Ltd. and Xiamen Green Spring Industrial Corporation, will mass-produce PET bottles in the near future.
The price of a single-layer bottle is about 70% of the multi-layer bottle, and the price of a domestic nano-material PET bottle is lower than that of a foreign product. For the domestic beer industry with excessive competition, it has more affinity.
Second, improve the transparency of the bottle, gloss and improve the recyclability of colored bottles;
The use of phase dispersants, acetaldehyde dissolution barriers, and UV blocking agents make current PET beer bottles have good transparency and good UV-blocking performance (less than 15% of light with light below 400 nm), and good prevention of B Aldehyde dissolution properties.
In 2002, the output of PET bottles in Japan was 413,000 tons. Due to the Japanese government's development of the "Container Packaging Recycling Law" (1995) and the recently introduced "Recycling and Utilization Law", the recycling rate of PET bottles reached in 2002. 53.4%. In this context, in November 2003, the old bottles that the Teijin Group’s “bottle to bottle†was about to recycle were crushed, washed, and converted into recycled PET resin through a series of chemical processes. It is made into a new PET bottle.
In the recycling and reuse of PET bottles, domestic researchers have developed braided lines for fishing nets for use in fishery aquaculture cages; now research is being conducted on the conversion of recycled bottles into engineering plastics such as: automotive fuel tanks. , accessories around the tank, etc.
Non-woven fabrics: used in the manufacture of automobile tires and hydraulic engineering;
Fibers for textiles, the technology in Japan is already very mature, the work clothes of the brewers' employees are made of recycled bottles and fibers;
PET heat shrinkable film, currently used in China, is made of low-density polyethylene, and the price has risen from 9,000 yuan/ton in early 2004 to the current 16,000 yuan/ton. The pressure on the cost of the breweries is very high. For example, the use of recycled bottles made of heat shrinkable film is estimated to have a market price of 13,000 yuan/ton, which can save 3,000 yuan per ton;
PET heat-shrinkable labels (suitable for labeling of glass beer bottles) have been widely used in Japan. For example, if a new material is used, the price of a set of 500-ton bottles is 0.3 yuan/above. If recycled materials are used for production, the price will be greatly reduced (approximately 30-40% reduction). For old glass beer bottles whose strength is close to the lower limit and whose appearance is poorly recycled, the glass beer bottle provides a safe exit and uses heat-shrink sleeves. The standard (from the bottom of the bottle to the bottom of the bottle) will effectively reduce the probability of a beer bottle bursting.
Third, to improve the bottle and filling conditions in order to adapt to the launch of large-capacity beer packaging in the market.
There are 1600mL large bottles used for filling draft beer in South Korea, and both Korean beer companies are using them. Due to the limited production capacity of Korean domestic preforms, the three-tier bottle preforms have been imported from China’s Zhongfu and Zijiang recently, and the monthly volume is estimated at 10 million.
In Russia, there are 2000 mL single-layer bottles. The shelf-life of the beer is set at 1-2 months, and it is stored and sold under refrigerated conditions. The packaged beer has been on the market for nearly four years.
Hubei Lantian Group uses 2300mL single-layer bottles, filling fresh beer, shelf life is set for 7 days. The manufacturer of the bottle used is not known.
Shandong Laizhou Brewery is currently undergoing technological transformation of the glass bottle filling line and is preparing to produce 1600mL three-layer pure draft beer. The target markets are Korea and Shandong Peninsula, and the product is expected to be available within the year.
The packaging equipment for beer bottles filled with PET bottles is currently available from Krones Germany, KHS, and Italian SIG. Domestic equipment manufacturers in Wuxi and Zhangjiagang have the capability to produce a full range of equipment.
The advantages of large-capacity PET bottled beer and small-capacity PET bottled beer:
(1) Because of the large-capacity PET bottled beer, the degree of oxidation is much lower than that of small-capacity PET bottles (even with the same oxygen permeability, the beer contained in the small-capacity bottle is highly oxidized. ).
(2) The attractiveness of the price (three-tier bottle): The price of the 2000-mL large bottle is approximately 1.9 yuan, while the price of four 500-mL small PET bottles is approximately 4.0 yuan. The packaging cost of PET bottles per kilo of beer is reduced by approximately 50% (the value of the caps and trademarks saved is not yet calculated);
(3) The drinking habits of northern consumers are based on personal drinks. The northerners prefer beer in large bottles, especially in the summer, large bottles of fresh beer can enter the domestic consumption in large quantities, improving the quality of fresh beer products, and preventing the impact of fake bulk fresh beers on genuine products;
(4) Large PET bottled beer can be packaged in more flexible formats, such as 6 bottles of shrink-wrap, 4 bottles and 2 bottles of portable packaging.
(5) Large-capacity PET bottles of nanomaterials will provide opportunities in the low-end market and the highly competitive rural market.
The disadvantages of large-capacity PET bottled beer and small-capacity PET bottled beer:
(1) Large-capacity packaging is not well adapted to consumer habits of Southern consumers, and may encounter greater resistance in the southern food and beverage market;
(2) Large-capacity beer is not attractive to housewives in supermarkets, and needs to be sealed and stored after being consumed by households.
(3) For existing beer filling equipment, the filling of large-capacity bottles requires more improvements to the equipment, and more time is needed to switch between glass bottles and large-capacity PET bottles.
(4) Small-capacity nanomaterial bottles will open a gap in the mid-range beer market with their own low-cost advantage, which is difficult to achieve for large-capacity bottles.
Discussion: The opportunity for the Chinese beer industry to use PET bottles in large quantities?
China has appeared in PET bottle-filled beer in the last year or two, starting with small-capacity high-end products. The area that emerges is in the Pearl River Delta. At present, the Yangtze River Delta has also appeared in PET bottled small-capacity and large-capacity beer products. Single-layer nanomaterial PET bottles also appeared in inland provinces.
Opportunity 1: The support of the government and industry associations, especially whether the government of the brewery’s local government has fulfilled the preferential tax policy for new products.
The U.S. and South Korean government’s investment in nano-studies, the United States has a proprietary fund for SMEs, and the R&D personnel’s selection of topics can be funded by the government from US$200-500 million.
South Korea's investment in nanomaterials is mostly based on non-governmental organizations, and the total amount of development funds invested is second only to the United States.
The Chinese government has given sufficient policy support for the development of nano PET bottles (such as the tax relief policy for new products). Private capital has paid more attention to and supported the research and development work of national researchers.
Opportunity 2: Provinces with more expensive glass beer bottles: Tibet, Yunnan, and Qinghai. The beer bottles in Tibet plus the transportation cost of nearly 0.7 yuan per bottle. The glass bottles reaching Lhasa are nearly 1.4 yuan each, which is far higher than the three-layer PET bottles of about 1.0 yuan and the single-layer PET bottles of 0.7-0.8 yuan.
There are almost no large-scale glass factories in Yunnan Province. Most of the beer bottles needed by the beer industry are imported from outside the province. In the face of PET bottles with price advantages, many breweries have shown great interest.
Opportunity 3: The demand of the urban market in the economically developed regions has driven the coastal frontline, such as Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shandong, and Liaoning. Firstly, it began production in Zhuhai, Guangdong, and gradually expanded to Fujian's Xiamen, Shanghai, Zhangjiagang, Shandong Laizhou, Liaoning's Shenyang, Jiangxi's Jiujiang, Jinggangshan, Hubei's Yueyang, Yunnan, and Tibet.
In economically developed areas, beer filled with PET bottles will take the lead and gradually form a new form of beer packaging.
In the inland provinces, the small brewery chose single-layer PET bottles (with nanomaterials and simple bottle-level slicing).
Opportunity 4: SMEs with the greatest pressure of competition in the beer industry and products targeting the rural market and medium and low-end consumption.
The small brewery with an annual output below 50 thousand liters faces the current severe situation. Without innovation and change, it is very likely to lose the living space under the pressure of raw materials prices and the squeeze of the large brewery market.
In order to expand the market, domestic PET bottle manufacturers must also support the use of new packaging materials for brewery and technological transformation. With a win-win price, beer companies adopt new packaging methods to attract younger generation consumption. May be a shortcut to market space.
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