There are about 22 million hm2 of bamboo forests in the world, and the annual production of bamboo is 15 million to 20 million tons. It is mainly used for construction materials, artificial boards and bamboo weaving, bamboo carving, bamboo crafts, bamboo daily necessities, etc. Bamboo and wood furniture refers to furniture made of bamboo and wood, such as bamboo furniture, that is, wood (small diameter material) or wooden material is the basic skeleton, and bamboo panels, bamboo panels, bamboo wood panels, etc. are used as furniture enclosure panels; Or wood material is the basic structure, and bamboo is a kind of furniture with decorative structure. At present, there have been no reports on the research of bamboo and wood furniture systems at home and abroad. There are not many types of products on the market, and the number is limited. However, as people increasingly admire nature, reflect individuality and comfort, and simple environmentally friendly furniture, bamboo and wood furniture will have broad market prospects.
The decoration of bamboo and wood furniture can be carried out after assembly into a product, or the components can be decorated and assembled. Bamboo and wood furniture decoration can be basically divided into two categories: general decoration and special art decoration. The common method of general decoration is painting; the techniques of special art decoration are various. This paper mainly introduces the special art decoration technique of bamboo and wood furniture.
1 carving decoration
Carving decoration is a common decoration method for bamboo and wood furniture, mainly used in the production of antique furniture. Through different engraving methods (line carving, flat carving, embossing, round carving, openwork, etc.) to create different artistic effects, mostly used for furniture components such as bed screens, chair backs, armrest shorts and cabinet tops. The engraving decoration is mostly done by hand, but it is done with the NC machine or engraving center with the gull 17 醯 (17) îƒ îƒ. Tree roots and stump furniture, which are full of mountain fun, are often sculpted to form more artistically charming country furniture.
1) The line carving directly engraves the pattern on the surface of bamboo or wood with a carving knife to express the pen and ink taste of the calligraphy and painting. With the knife and the pen, the bamboo paper can display a variety of landscape flowers, ancient and modern figures and other patterns. The line carving is based on engraving and drawing, paying attention to the knife: smooth lines, the knife is even and even; the dignified lines, the knife is blunt and deep. This engraving method is suitable for the expression of painting and calligraphy. There are two methods of deep and shallow engraving.
2) The embossing is further than the line carving, and a three-dimensional image is carved on the surface of the bamboo or wood. The embossing is both engraved and engraved. The "engraving" is usually two-dimensional, and the "carving" is three-dimensional. The carving is more realistic and more artistic than the engraved image. There are many levels of embossing with chisels, carvings and strokes to show their rich image. According to the depth of the depiction, it is divided into two types: bas-relief and high relief. There are many layers of high relief, and the image of the sculpture also tends to be round.
3) Openwork is a form of hollow carving of bamboo or wood in combination with relief. Give people a chic, ethereal and exquisite feeling.
4) The round sculpture is a three-dimensional sculpture, which is generally a three-dimensional image of the entire object. The round sculpture of bamboo is usually only suitable for the thick and dense bamboo roots, and it is necessary to display the carving technique according to the shape of the bamboo root. The round carvings are mostly used to express individuals, it is difficult to express the scene, and it is exquisite and exquisite. It can fully discover the spiritual appearance of the object and also reflect the characteristics of the bamboo root.
5) Staying green is the most difficult type of bamboo for bamboo. The bamboo green on the surface of the bamboo is used to retain the bamboo figurine of the artistic image part, and the rest of the bamboo green is cut away to reveal the bamboo yellow as the background color of the picture, so it is also called the leather carving. The process of staying green is more complicated, and the requirements for bamboo and technology are higher. The material is selected from the deep mountain winter bamboo, and the selected bamboo material needs to be soaked in boiling water for 0.5h, then dried in the room, the surface of the finished product is smooth, and the bamboo used for engraving is also treated with mildew and anti-mite. Bamboo ç 如 玉 玉 玉 玉 玉 玉 玉 玉 玉The bamboo color is light, and it is slightly bright for a long time; the longer the bamboo muscle is, the deeper the color is like amber. To retain the green bamboo carving, it is advisable to make full use of the difference in texture and color change, and to adopt the green scorpion to stay, to stay, to stay or not to stay, to separate the layers, to form the color from deep to shallow, and to naturally faint.
The line carving, relief and openwork of bamboo and wood furniture can be carried out after assembly into a product, or the parts can be engraved and assembled. The round carving and the greening process can only be carried out on the parts before the assembly of the bamboo and wood furniture.
2 inlaid decoration
Inlaid decoration is a combination of different wooden blocks, bamboo strips, animal bones, metal, ivory, jade, stone, etc., which are composed of flowers, landscapes, trees, figures and various natural motifs. The process of the surface of the furniture component (ditch). Traditional furniture is usually decorated with inlaid wood, which is carved into the wood, sawn into the wood and attached to the wood. Due to the widespread use of woodworking machinery such as milling machines, drilling machines, CNC milling machines and other furniture production, inlaid wood decoration is now further developed into milling wood decoration, and is widely used in modern Chinese furniture decoration, such as bed screen, chair back, cabinet Top, face, several sides and drawers can be combined with Chinese culture and Chinese ceramics and painting art to create a typical Chinese furniture.
3 branding decoration
When the wood is heated above 150 ° C, it varies with the heating temperature before carbonization. The surface of the wood is engraved with different shades of brown color. The wax can be divided into pen-like, die-casting, leak-burning, flame-burning, acid etching, etc., and the decorative effect is elegant or simple, or antique, or Fresh and free, it is often used in the decoration of cabinet doors, drawers, and table tops. Bamboo furniture can also be decorated in this way.
Baked flower etches the original stalk-free bamboo stalk surface with a thick, small, and compacted marking. Firstly, the mud is etched, and the bamboo stalks to be roasted are placed in a flat arrangement. The appropriate amount of mud is applied to the upper and lower surfaces of the arranged bamboo stalks, and then baked with a gasoline blowtorch, and attention is paid to the heat. The bamboo stalk surface is covered with a thick layer of mud to maintain the original color of the bamboo; the thin layer of the mud layer is subjected to strong baking, showing a lighter marking; while the mud-free area is baked with a thicker marking. Finally, the bamboo stalk can be cleaned by cleaning the surface of the bamboo stalk. This method of decoration is mostly used for parts before the assembly of bamboo and wood furniture products.
4 dyeing decoration
The purpose of bamboo dyeing is to increase the variety and pattern of the product by dyeing, and to increase the added value of the product; adding anti-insect preservatives to the dyeing liquid to prevent insects and mildew. The traditional dyeing method can still be used in bamboo and wood furniture, but the bamboo material is dense, and it is difficult to achieve uniform and firm dyeing with ordinary fuel. It can be oxidized pigment and hydrophilic organic solvent, or treated with surfactant to dye, make dyeing uniform and firm, and avoid the use of chemical reagents, safe and reliable.
Bamboo wood furniture dyeing process can choose product dyeing, component dyeing or component dyeing according to different furniture shapes. The dyeing of the wood part is mostly carried out after the finished product; if the bamboo part is dyed, if a product with a national flavor is produced, it is necessary to dye it at the time of the preparation.
5 bamboo green decoration
After the felled bamboo, the chlorophyll is destroyed, and the green color of the bamboo stalk will quickly recede. The reason is that the magnesium ions in the molecule are oxidized, thus losing the ability to bind to their atoms. If copper ions (such as copper chlorophyll) are used instead of magnesium ions to protect them from oxidation, the surface of the bamboo can remain green. According to this reasoning, the bamboo material can be treated with a surfactant, placed in a 0.5% copper sulfate solution, immersed in a tank having a pressure of 0.005 to 0.01 MPa for 2 to 3 hours, and then dried under normal pressure for 12 hours. The bamboo is placed in a synthetic resin monomer (molecular weight 500-1000) with a small amount of initiator, and the pressure is 0.005-0.01 MPa for 1 hour in the tank, and then immersed for 4 hours at normal pressure, and then placed at 40-50 ° C for 12 hours. To completely polymerize the monomer. The finished bamboo can not only maintain the green surface of the newly cut bamboo, but also be durable in the unnatural environment and will not fade. In addition, the use of Baoding K-133, copper naphthenate, copper sulfate and other agents combined with strong microwaves to protect the bamboo material for about 3 minutes, the green fastness, durability and weather resistance of bamboo have been greatly improved.
Whether it is the manufacture of bamboo furniture or the decoration of furniture, it can give people a refreshing visual experience and is welcomed by consumers.
6 bamboo coloring decoration
Bamboo wood furniture Due to the particularity of bamboo, the coloring process will make the product more artistic. Bamboo coloring includes hot oil coloring, non-combustion gas pressure heating coloring, carbonization coloring acid treatment coloring method, and the like.
1) Hot oil coloring The dried bamboo is placed in hot oil at 200 ° C. The bamboo after removal is lustrous purple, and the processing performance is good. It can be used as a handicraft material or a design blank for bamboo products.
2) Pressurizing and heating the non-combustible body, first put the bamboo into the pressure vessel, take out the air in the container, inject an inert gas such as argon or helium, and then make any one of the non-combustible gases such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide. It is possible to use two or more types of non-combustible gas, and the gas in the pressure vessel accounts for 90% or more. Then, the container is heated to 100 to 150 ° C, while applying a pressure of 7.06 to 9.80 MPa, and maintained for 30 minutes or more, the bamboo material having a purple-red color and a glossy surface can be obtained.
3) Charring coloring The bamboo is immersed in a solution of poly-alcohol (molecular weight 1500), and the bamboo material is brown-red, so that the bamboo is reduced to the minimum by adverse factors such as oxidation or cracking, and the bamboo is evenly distributed from the surface to the core. Coloring and maintaining good processing properties provide convenience for making higher value crafts. The heating temperature of the carbonization coloring is 60 to 200 ° C, and the heating time should be appropriately increased or decreased depending on the degree of carbonization coloration required, the purpose of use of the bamboo material, and the infiltration of the bamboo material in the treatment tank. Machinability, non-toxic, and can maintain long-term treatment.
4) Acid treatment coloring The chemical treatment of bamboo products with strong acid can make the bamboo products appear bronze. This treatment method belongs to the category of chemical dyeing. The products made of bamboo stalks and bamboo granules after such coloring treatment are antique and rich in ethnic flavor. Specific operation: take 100kg of water, 1kg of sulfuric acid or nitric acid, prepare a solution in an acid-proof container, immerse the bamboo products such as bamboo raft or bamboo in the solution, pick up after 10~15min, and then put it in saturated lime water solution. ~40min, rinse off with water, dry and use. The degree of color of the product can be controlled by adjusting the concentration of the sample and the soaking time of the bamboo product.
7 Bamboo materials / products
1) Bamboo original tube
2) Bamboo sliced ​​veneer. Subdivided into: normal color flat pressure, natural color side pressure, carbonized flat pressure, carbonized side pressure;
3) Bamboo chipboard
4) Bamboo and wood composites
5) Bamboo floor blanks
8 Conclusion
The purpose of bamboo and wood furniture decoration is to beautify and protect. The style of furniture sometimes embodies a certain artistic style and artistic features through specific decorations; the surface of bamboo and wood furniture is covered with a layer of material with certain hardness, water resistance and weather resistance, which reduces damage caused by external factors. Give bamboo furniture a certain degree of luster and pattern, so that its shape, color and quality are more perfect, giving people a beautiful feeling and spiritual pleasure. And through the process of waxing, acid etching, baking and other techniques, the value of bamboo and wood furniture is doubled.
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